新时期铁路局标准化管理工作的探讨

简单扼要地叙述了标准化管理的基本原理,试图从标准化管理在铁路局中地位和作用这个视角出发,论述在新时期铁路局标准化管理工作的主要任务,探讨铁路局如何又好又快地实施标准化管理的工作模式和建议。     

Using repeated cross-sectional travel surveys to enhance forecasting robustness: Accounting for changing mode preferences

Transportation system capacity and performance, urban form and socio-demographics define the influences and constraints conditioning the preferences of urban residents for different transport modes. Changes in characteristics of urban areas are likely to lead to changes in preferences for alternative modes of transport over time; as a consequence, statistical models to forecast mode choice need to be sensitive to both purposeful changes to urban systems as well as exogenous shocks. We make use of the 1996, 2001 and 2006 household surveys conducted in the Greater Toronto and Hamilton Area to study mode preference evolution and model forecasting performance. These repeated cross-sectional household surveys provide an opportunity to investigate aggregate structural changes in commuting mode preferences over time, in a manner sensitive to changes in the urban area. We focus on commuting mode choices because these trips are prime determinants of peak period congestion and peak spreading. We then address how to combine the three cross-sections econometrically in a robust way that allows for use of a single mode choice model across the entire period. Using independent data from 2012, we are able to compare the individual year and combined models in terms of forecasting performance to demonstrate the combined model’s more robust forecasting performance into the future.     

Expirable parking reservations for managing morning commute with parking space constraints

When total parking supply in an urban downtown area is insufficient, morning commuters would choose their departure times not only to trade off bottleneck congestion and schedule delays, but also to secure a parking space. Recent studies found that an appropriate combination of reserved and unreserved parking spaces can spread the departures of those morning commuters and hence reduce their total travel cost. To further mitigate both traffic congestion and social cost from competition for parking, this study considers a parking reservation scheme with expiration times, where commuters with a parking reservation have to arrive at parking spaces for the reservation before a predetermined expiration time. We first show that if all parking reservations have the same expiration time, it is socially preferable to set the reservations to be non-expirable, i.e., without expiration time. However, if differentiated expiration times are properly designed, the total travel cost can be further reduced as compared with the reservation scheme without expiration time, since the peak will be further smoothed out. We explore socially desirable equilibrium flow patterns under the parking reservation scheme with differentiated expiration times. Finally, efficiencies of the reservation schemes are examined.     

Simulation Modeling and Analysis of Operator-Machine Ratio

Introduction In recent years, labor cost in China is continu-ously and significantly increasing across industries.More and more companies, particularly semiconduc-tor companies, are taking strategies to cut labor costwithout impairing normal production. Operator-ma-chine ratio (OMR) denotes the maximum number oftools a laborer can operate. It is a measure of opera-tion efficiency of an operator and one of key factors toensure the competitiveness.The traditional static Excel model[1]involvin…     

贯彻新的理念实现科学发展又快又好地完成大规模铁路建设任务

坚持以科学发展观统领铁路工作全局,最重要的任务就是要又快又好地推进大规模铁路建设。铁道部党组提出的“以人为本、服务运输、强本简末、系统优化、着眼发展”的新理念,是又快又好地完成大规模铁路建设任务的重要指导思想。要调整铁路局建设管理体制,完善客运专线建设管理,发挥建设单位核心作用,加强管理干部队伍能力建设,为又快又好完成大规模铁路建设提供保证。     

明确目标锐意进取开创工务工作新局面--在全路工务工作会议上的讲话(摘要)

总结2005年全路工务系统在六大干线安全标准线建设、第六次大面积提速线路改造、生产布局调整、安全专项整治等重点工作中取得的成绩,指出存在的问题;安排2006年全路工务重点工作,要以科学发展观统领全局,坚持“线桥结构现代化,施工作业机械化,企业管理科学化”方针,围绕实现铁路跨越式发展的总体目标,深化铁路体制改革和工务修理制度的改革,全面完成各项任务,进一步夯实安全基础,确保工务安全生产的持续稳定和铁路第六次提速的顺利实现。     

渤海海峡跨海通道战略研究的必要性分析

随着东北振兴步伐的加快,快速经济增长带来交通运输需求的迅猛发展,特别是地区间出行需求快速增长,现状环渤海湾公路通道已经无法满足,开辟大连至烟台渤海海峡跨海通道是解决运输能力短缺矛盾的最有效途径。渤海海峡跨海通道是世界之最,是一项技术复杂、工程艰巨、投资巨大、效益显著的宏伟工程,需要进行长期的技术研究和论证工作。从政治、经济、军事等各领域多角度论证先期进行战略研究的必要性,为尽快进行项目前期工作奠定坚实的基础。     

沿海航标夹持船

沿海航标夹持船是为解决多年来航标工人传统的不安全的跳越登标作业方式而研制的一种新型沿海航标维护船，该船在艏部设液压航标夹持装置，进行航标作业时可通过夹持装置将船与浮标连成一体，航标工人可在6级风、1.5米浪高的海况下平稳登标作业。由此，极大改善了航标工人的劳动条件、提高了工作效率。     

也谈筑路机械油耗定额的制定

制定筑路机械的油耗定额势在必行。实践证明,采用对各种筑路机械的基本燃油耗量进行修正的方法计算其油耗定额,切合实际,科学可靠。