Variable speed limit control for severe non-recurrent freeway bottlenecks

Variable speed limit (VSL) schemes are developed based on the Kinematic Wave theory to increase discharge rates at severe freeway bottlenecks induced by non-recurrent road events such as incidents or work zones while smoothing speed transition. The main control principle is to restrict upstream demand (in free-flow) progressively to achieve three important objectives: (i) to provide gradual speed transition at the tail of an event-induced queue, (ii) to clear the queue around the bottleneck, and (iii) to discharge traffic at the stable maximum flow that can be sustained at the bottleneck without breakdown. These control objectives are accomplished without imposing overly restrictive speed limits. We further provide remedies for (a) underutilized bottleneck capacity due to underestimated stable maximum flow and (b) a re-emergent queue at the bottleneck due to an overestimated stable maximum flow. We analytically formulate the reductions in total delay in terms of control parameters to provide an insight into the system performance and sensitivity. The results from the parameter analysis suggest that significant delay savings can be realized with the proposed VSL control strategies.     

外派海员的工作压力探讨

工作压力是影响海员身心健康和海上安全的重要因素之一.外派海员是一个特殊的职业群体,其工作压力构成更为复杂,本文从外派船员压力的形成和管理进行探讨,并提出相关建议.     

服务社会 带动经济——新中国60年标准化工作回顾

回顾新中国标准化工作的建立、在国家建设中成长、在经济发展中壮大的过程,以及目前我国标准化工作深入社会各领域、向国际舞台迈进的进展情况。     

水下软基处理船

采用塑料排水板加固水下软基是近年发展起来的一项新技术。文章介绍了新设计研制的水下软基处理船,它包括塑料排水板插设、土工布铺设、水上定位、电脑监测记录等方法和装置。适用于多种水下软基处理工程,解决了深水塑料排水板加固软基的方法和设备问题。     

What determines commute time choices? A structural equation modelling approach

Abstract

Many researchers have been attracted by the phenomenon of constant travel time, and the time spent on travel has been an important indicator of understanding travellers’ behaviours. This paper is based on a survey conducted in a university in London which includes both objective and subjective variables in relation to commute time and some demographic characteristics. Two conceptual structural models are examined in order to explore the factors determining travellers’ choices. Results of the analysis reveal some interesting relationships: (1) a positive relationship between age and commute time; (2) females are more likely to read or listen to music during their journeys, and their ideal commute time (ICT) and current commute time (CCT) generally tend to be longer; (3) academic staff tend to have the habit of working during their commute, administrative staff tend to commute longer while students tend to spend a shorter time commuting; (4) normally, a habit while travelling is significantly associated with CCT; those with a habit of reading or working during their commute journey tend to have longer commute times and (5) the relationship between CCT and commuters’ ICT and tolerable commute time is positive; both hypothesised causal relationships are significant so that a loop is formed between subjective and objective variables, and thus a dynamic modelling process could be envisaged as temporal sequences of those variables.     

论高职院校贫困生资助工作发挥育人功能的路径选择

本文论述了高职院校学生资助育人的内涵,在分析当前资助育人工作存在问题基础上,提出了发挥资助工作育人功能的基本原则,从"科学认定资格、创新服务渠道、开展主题教育、增强自强能力"方面详述了高职院校贫困生资助工作发挥育人功能的路径。     

瑞士基于里程卡车收费系统研究

电子不停车收费是收费技术的发展方向。通过以瑞士基于里程卡车收费系统为例,对瑞士电子收费系统的实施原因、项目进程、工作原理进行了系统的描述,并对系统的实施效果进行分析,最后对其在我国的电子收费中的应用提出建议。     

Distance-dependent congestion pricing for downtown zones

A growing literature exploits macroscopic theories of traffic to model congestion pricing policies in downtown zones. This study introduces trip length heterogeneity into this analysis and proposes a usage-based, time-varying congestion toll that alleviates congestion while prioritizing shorter trips. Unlike conventional trip-based tolls the scheme is intended to align the fees paid by drivers with the actual congestion damage they do, and to increase the toll’s benefits as a result.The scheme is intended to maximize the number of people that finish their trips close to their desired times. The usage-based toll is compared to a traditional, trip-based toll which neglects trip length. It is found that, like trip-based tolls, properly designed usage-based tolls alleviate congestion. But they reduce schedule delay more than trip-based tolls and do so with much smaller user fees. As a result usage-based tolls leave most of those who pay with a large welfare gain. This may increase the tolls’ political acceptability.     

电子政务与办公自动化初探

论述了信息化对人们工作的影响，电子政务与办公自动化的关系。     

ISO/IEC技术工作程序与我国铁道行业标准制定过程对比

通过收集并分析相关资料,将ISO/IEC技术工作程序与我国铁道行业标准制定过程进行对比,提出可借鉴性建议。