跨座式单轨固定铸钢支座接触应力研究

为了研究跨座式单轨固定铸钢支座铰轴与摆孔之间的接触应力,应用Hertz接触理论,分析影响铸钢支座接触应力的主要因素。采用有限元数值模拟的方法,借助ABAQUS有限元分析软件,建立固定支座的三维有限元模型,通过计算得到固定支座的接触应力。对支座进行静力荷载试验,对比试验结果与有限元计算结果,验证有限元分析结果的可靠性。最后借助有限元分析手段,计算铰轴直径变化对接触应力的影响。结果表明,固定支座在设计静力荷载作用下的接触应力满足要求,并且铰轴材料具有较大的强度富余;铰轴直径的尺寸会影响支座接触应力的大小,且存在最优铰轴直径使支座接触应力最小,可以为铸钢支座结构的设计与优化提供指导。     

Non-exhaust particle emissions under various driving conditions: Implications for sustainable mobility

Non-exhaust particle (NEP) emissions from road traffic contribute significantly to Particulate Matter (PM) pollution in urban areas. The primary objective herein is to develop the knowledge required to move toward more sustainable mobility. NEP emissions are studied by means of complementary experiments on chassis dynamometers, on test tracks and at the roadside. Laboratory tests demonstrate that brake wear particles (BWP) emissions can change with braking force and frequency. A brake pad temperature threshold exists, above which the rate of ultrafine particle emissions is quite high. Below this threshold, the BWP emissions are dominant in the accumulation and coarse modes. Test track measurements have demonstrated that tire-road contact particle (TRCP) emissions considerably modify the atmospheric PM background especially for the supermicron fraction. Their number size distribution highlighted an ultrafine and accumulation modes centered at about 40 nm and 200 nm, respectively. The TRCP level increases with vehicle speed and during the acceleration and deceleration phases. Roadside measurements in the urban environment confirm the presence of NEP in significant proportions, in both the accumulation and coarse modes. The chemical composition of NEP differs depending on the size mode: BWP mainly stem from the degradation of brake pad lining materials, while TRCP are a mixture of tire tread wear and re-suspended dust. The presence of Fe-rich particles nevertheless serves as a good indicator of the NEP contribution to PM at the roadside. Lastly, in considering the parameters influencing NEP emissions, a series of recommendations are offered in order to achieve a more sustainable mobility.     

ZD6转辙机接点反弹问题的分析与处理

针对ZD6转辙机接点反弹（自动退锁）故障，从电机特性、摩擦带材质、道岔密贴调整、摩擦电流调整等方面，分析问题产生的原因，并提出有效解决对策。     

An inverse railway wagon model and its applications

An inverse wagon model was developed to estimate wheel–rail contact forces using only measurements of wagon body responses as inputs. The purpose of this work was to provide mathematical modelling to embed in low-cost devices that can be mounted on each freight wagon in a large wagon fleet. To minimize cost, complication, and the maintenance inconvenience of these devices, the constraint is imposed that transducers and connections are limited to locations on the wagon body. Inputs to the inverse model developed include only vertical and lateral translational accelerations and angular accelerations of roll, pitch, and yaw of the wagon body. The model combines the integration and partial modal matrix (PMM) techniques together to form an IPMM method. Besides wheel–rail contact forces some motion quantities such as the lateral and yaw displacements of wheelset are also predicted. Results from the inverse model were compared with data from full scale laboratory suspension tests for vertical suspension excitations. The inverse model was also compared with results from simulations completed in VAMPIRE^® for more complicated track input profiles. The model results and the applications of the model are discussed.     

Influence of the aerodynamic forces on the pantograph–catenary system for high-speed trains

Most of the high-speed trains in operation today have the electrical power supply delivered through the pantograph–catenary system. The understanding of the dynamics of this system is fundamental since it contributes to decrease the number of incidents related to these components, to reduce the maintenance and to improve interoperability. From the mechanical point of view, the most important feature of the pantograph–catenary system consists in the quality of the contact between the contact wire of the catenary and the contact strips of the pantograph. The catenary is represented by a finite element model, whereas the pantograph is described by a detailed multibody model, analysed through two independent codes in a co-simulation environment. A computational procedure ensuring the efficient communication between the multibody and finite element codes, through shared computer memory, and suitable contact force models were developed. The models presented here are contributions for the identification of the dynamic behaviour of the pantograph and of the interaction phenomena in the pantograph–catenary system of high-speed trains due to the action of aerodynamics forces. The wind forces are applied on the catenary by distributing them on the finite element mesh. Since the multibody formulation does not include explicitly the geometric information of the bodies, the wind field forces are applied to each body of the pantograph as time-dependent nonlinear external forces. These wind forces can be characterised either by using computational fluid dynamics or experimental testing in a wind tunnel. The proposed methodologies are demonstrated by the application to real operation scenarios for high-speed trains, with the purpose of defining service limitations based on train and wind speed combination.     

城市轨道交通架空接触网雷电防护

我国城市轨道交通架空接触网导线离地高度和线路绝缘水平与电力系统10 kV配电线路相当,雷电防护应以防感应雷为主.本文对接触网感应过电压进行了仿真研究,利用统计方法计算了接触网感应雷击跳闸率,提出了采用避雷线、绝缘子保护间隙和串联间隙金属氧化物避雷器3种雷电防护措施.     

基于有效接触应力的大张开量盾构隧道密封垫防水性能分析

针对高水压作用下大张开量盾构隧道接缝防水密封垫的设计与选型,提出有效接触应力概念。 依托南京和燕路过江隧道工 程,利用大型有限元软件ABAQUS建立完整的沟槽、橡胶止水条带与弹性密封垫的数值模型,对典型错台及张开工况下管片接缝防 水性能进行分析,揭示大张开量条件下管片接缝密封垫错台及张开时的变形与接触应力分布特性。 研究结果表明: 1)密封垫与密 封垫接触面上的扭曲交互能提高接触面上的有效应力占比; 2)圆形孔密封垫错台情况下,密封垫与沟槽之间的有效应力占比要低 于密封垫与密封垫之间的有效应力占比,密封垫与沟槽间的渗水路径在密封垫防水设计时需重点考虑。     

接触网可靠性研究方法浅析

介绍了国内外接触网可靠性研究的现状,分析了接触网的主要故障、接触网强度可靠性分析的计算模型和可靠性计算方法,对接触网可靠性研究存在的难点及其进一步研究的方向提出了几点建议。     

大型钢结构非滑道建造过程中风荷载作用的研究

海洋大型钢结构一般在滑道上建造,而本工程的18个大型模块需在非滑道的码头强夯土基础上建造。本研究通过建立在码头强夯地基上模块结构整体的有限元模型,对结构物在建造过程中,受海上风载作用下结构支点的作用进行分析,为结构建造过程中的安全分析提供理论依据。     

客运专线隧道内接触网悬挂方式选择及可行性分析

根据合宁铁路客运专线隧道结构条件，介绍了目前客运专线隧道内主要采用的几种悬挂方式，从悬挂类型、支持结构、下锚补偿等方面进行了对比，并对不同隧道结构条件下各种悬挂方式的可行性进行了研究分析。