考虑沥青路面材料参数空间差异性的解析计算及影响分析

复杂服役环境下沥青路面的材料参数存在明显的空间差异性,具体表现为沿深度的模量梯度分布与非连续层间接触以及横观各向同性,实现其解析计算对现有的沥青路面力学响应分析及结构设计方法具有重要的参考价值。为此,从弹性力学基本方程出发,基于状态空间法,推导了具有指数模量梯度的横观各向同性弹性层状体系通解;在此基础上,基于波传递方法,将状态向量转换为波向量,并结合边界条件和层间条件,建立了考虑沥青路面材料参数差异性的多层路面结构解析解;然后借助MATLAB平台编制了数值计算程序,采用文献对比、BISAR程序以及有限元软件ABAQUS验证了该解析解的精度与效率;最后结合典型数值算例,阐述了该解析解在沥青Top-Down开裂和传统路面疲劳损伤分析中的应用。理论推导和数值计算结果表明：该解析解摆脱了弹性力学问题求解对应力函数的依赖性,并且借助波传播方法,避免了求解中正指数过大对求解精度的影响,并使得边界条件和不同层间接触关系的描述更加便捷;沥青路面材料参数的空间差异性不可忽视,沥青面层连续模量梯度会造成更大的路表拉应力和最大剪应力,进而加剧沥青路面的Top-Down开裂;而横观各向同性和层间接触状态间存在耦合效应,从而会加剧沥青路面的疲劳损伤。     

狭窄空间土压平衡盾构分体始发施工技术——以新加坡地铁C715项目盾构隧道为例

新加坡地铁C715项目盾构隧道工程始发竖井空间狭小,采用常规分体始发工艺存在掘进效率低、管线消耗量大、设备运行效果差等工程难题。通过改造8号后配套台车、出渣设备及管片转运小车,重组地面后配套台车,增设PLC中继柜,提出一种在长度仅22 m竖井中的盾构分体始发施工技术,可节约大量电缆管线,有效提高掘进效率,顺利完成管片转运及拼装,并解决长距离连接管线造成油脂堵管及线路信号传输不稳定等问题,实现更加安全、高效、经济的盾构分体始发。     

The accuracy of proxy responses in a stated choice setting: A re-examination and some controversial conclusions

Data is typically gathered from an individual respondent who represents the group or the household. This individual is often identified as the “primary decision maker” and is asked to provide responses as a proxy for the group given that the cost of interviewing each member individually is impractical and/or expensive. The collection of joint preferences is rarely undertaken, with the use of proxy responses not uncommon in travel behaviour research. Under such a framework, there exists an assumption that the primary decision maker has perfect knowledge of other group member preferences, and bargaining behaviour, and is able to synthesise this information when providing a response on their behalf. The validity of such an assumption however remains an open question, with recent research calling the reliability of proxy responses into account (Bateman and Munro, 2009). In this paper, using three models estimated in willingness to pay space, we examine the accuracy of proxy responses in a stated choice experiment. We find that there is overlap between a proxy response and the own preferences of the individual providing the proxy choice, but while the proxy responses fail to represent the full preference heterogeneity that exists in the actual choices made by individuals, the proxy responses in aggregate provide a suitable replacement for actual data, subject to a number of caveats.     

三维空间路线连续性衰退对公路安全性影响分析

为深入分析公路三维空间线形连续性衰退对事故频数的影响,采集广东省内3条高等级公路243 km道路设计资料,共1 768条有效事故数据,利用Tobit回归模型分析三维空间路线连续性衰退对公路安全性的影响.应用微分几何空间的基本理论,提出公路线形连续性衰退表征参数,利用Tobit回归模型对数据样本中单元内总曲率差(TCD)...     

大跨径人行桥人致振动舒适度分析

人行桥的主要荷载源于行人和非机动车,对于大跨径轻柔桥梁结构,在行人激励之下更容易发生大幅振动,引起舒适度问题。依托国内某大跨径人行提篮拱桥,参考国外人行桥设计指南,通过有限元时程分析方法,计算获得不同荷载激励下结构最大加速度响应时程曲线,进行行人振动舒适度评价。另外,针对不同模态设计相应的TMD减振系统,并进行减振效果分析。     

低桩承台防汛墙微型桩基原位试验研究

本文针对苏州河综合整治某新建防汛墙工程实例 ,通过原位试验方法对低桩承台微型桩基桩土共同作用机理进行了初步的分析和讨论。     

A stochastic analysis of highway capacity: Empirical evidence and implications

This paper presents a stochastic characterization of highway capacity and explores its implications on ramp metering control at the corridor level. The stochastic variation of highway capacity is captured through a Space–Time Autoregressive Integrated Moving Average (STARIMA) model. It is identified following a Seasonal STARIMA model (0, 0, 2₃) × (0, 1, 0)₂, which indicates that the capacities of adjacent locations are spatially–temporally correlated. Hourly capacity patterns further verify the stochastic nature of highway capacity. The goal of this paper is to study (1) how to take advantage of the extra information, such as capacity variation, and (2) what benefits can be gained from stochastic capacity modeling. The implication of stochastic capacity is investigated through a ramp metering case study. A mean–standard deviation formulation of capacity is proposed to achieve the trade-off between traffic operation efficiency and robustness. Following that, a modified stochastic capacity-constraint ZONE ramp metering scheme embedded cell transmission model algorithm is introduced. The numerical experiment suggests that considering capacity variation information would alleviate the spillback effect and improve throughput. Monte Carlo simulation further supports this argument. This study helps verify and characterize the stochastic nature of capacity, validates the benefits of using capacity variation information, and thus enhances the necessity of implementing stochastic capacity in traffic operation.     

地铁车站超宽深基坑内既有高架桥梁桩基托换关键技术研究

佛山地铁2号线换乘车站张槎站基坑宽50.3 m,深16.9 m,局部位于既有禅西大道桥下（净高仅7 m）。为解决低矮空间下超宽深基坑支护、既有高架桥桩基托换等难题,提出如下技术措施： 1)采用高桩承台桩基托换技术对位于车站中央桥桩进行托换,托换承台高于车站基坑面,基坑内支撑穿过新旧桩基形成对撑,内支撑与新旧桩相对独立; 2)地下连续墙幅宽调整为4 m,采用小型钻机成槽,以改善桥下施工工艺; 3)地下连续墙与两侧既有桩之间增加防塌孔措施; 4)基坑内支撑均采用混凝土支撑并加临时立柱以增加内支撑稳定性。以上措施解决了托换体系与车站基坑相互影响的问题,确保了低矮空间下超宽深基坑施工安全及既有桩基的安全。经数值计算论证、现场施工验证,提出的超宽深基坑内既有高架桥梁桩基托换关键技术是合理、安全、可行的。     

Wind pressure distribution and wind-induced dynamic response for spatial groined latticed vaults

The wind pressure distribution and wind-induced vibration responses of long-span spatial groined latticed vaults (SGLVs) were numerically simulated, which always are ones of the most important problems in the structural wind resistance design. Incompressible visco-fluid model was introduced, and the standard k-εtwo equation model and semi-implicit method for pressure linked equation (SIMPLE) were used to describe the flow turbulence. Furthermore, the structural dynamic equation was set up, which is solved by Newmark-β method. And several sort of wind-induced vibration coefficients such as the wind-induced vibration coefficient corresponding to the nodal displacement responses and wind loads were suggested. In the numerical simulation where the SGLV consisting of the cylindrical sectors with different curved surface was chosen as the example,the influence on the relative wind pressure distribution and structural wind-induced vibration responses of the closed or open SGLV caused by such parameters as the number of cylindrical sectors, structural curvature and the ratio of rise to span was investigated. Finally, some useful conclusions on the local wind pressure distribution on the structural surface and the wind-induced vibration coefficients of SGLV were developed.     

时空信息多模式融合模型应用研究

给出了时空多模式融合模型(MM模型)的实用建模方法.利用华北地震和北京SARS 2个时空数据集对MM模型进行了建模应用和性能评价,与单纯神经网络模型相比,MM模型的预测准确性与预测趋势变化的能力均有所提高.分析表明,利用MM模型对不同类型时空过程建模时,不同分量信息所起到的作用并不相同.