铁路行车调度指挥仿真系统

铁路调度指挥仿真系统是一个分布式协同工作的递阶分散自律控制系统,由决策层、管理层、执行层和设备层组成,采用部分实物仿真的方式设计模拟系统的软硬件环境。仿真系统设计的关键技术包括:进路表的自动生成算法、控制命令自动生成算法、列车车次自动追踪运行算法、列车群自动追踪运行算法、计划自动调整算法、干扰源仿真模拟和仿真时空一致性控制等。通过选取铁路实际运营的计算机联锁系统和电气集中联锁系统、车站、自动闭塞区间和计轴半自动闭塞区间线路,构建近1∶1的仿真试验环境。按照铁路行车调度指挥实际需求、相关技术标准以及现场实际投入使用的行车调度指挥系统,对仿真系统进行了功能、性能测试。对实际应用中出现的故障进行了模拟分析。结果表明:仿真系统对于实际应用系统的研发、开通运营、日后的维护和系统升级具有不可替代的作用,它能够极大地缩短开通前的调试时间,方便故障分析和各种条件下调度指挥方式的模拟,特别适合特定条件下应急预案的演练。     

Logistical restructuring and road freight traffic growth

The forecasting of road freight traffic has relied heavily on the close correlation between GDP and road tonne-kilometers. It has not been rooted in an understanding of the causes of freight traffic growth. The research reported in this paper has investigated this process of traffic growth in two ways: first, by analysing official data on the production, consumption and movement of food and drink products, and second, by conducting a survey of the changing freight transport requirements of 88 large British-based manufacturers.The analysis of secondary data shows how, in the food and drink sector, the relationship between the real value of output and road vehicle-kms hinges on four key parameters: value density, handling factor, average length of haul and consignment size. An attempt is made to explain variations in these parameters.The survey of manufacturers suggests that the growth of lorry traffic is the net result of a complex interaction between factors operating at four levels of logistical management: strategic planning of logistical systems, choice of suppliers and distributors, scheduling of product flow and the management of transport resources. Changes in the frequency and scheduling of freight deliveries in response to tightening customer service requirements and just-in-time management appear to have become a more prevalent cause of freight traffic growth than the physical restructuring of logistical systems. Manufacturers anticipate that their road freight demand will broadly increase in line with sales and be largely unaffected by road transport cost increases at the levels currently proposed. The paper concludes by examining their likely reactions to a much sharper increase in the cost of road freight movement.     

Induced traffic and economic appraisal

Economic appraisal of major roads in the UK is based on a set of standard procedures and conventions. A central assumption has been that the volume and pattern of traffic in any given year is independent of the quality of service offered by the network — the fixed trip matrix assumption. Failing to consider induced traffic can have serious consequences for the accuracy and robustness of the measured traffic benefits from road improvements. Assessment of the wider economic benefits of roads, which is an important political imperative for road investment, is also made more difficult. Two conclusions are reached. Variable trip matrix methods need to be introduced for the appraisal of major road schemes, and scheme appraisal needs to be complemented by a more strategic area-wide approach to evaluation. In responding to its advisory committee (SACTRA), the UK Department of Transport has accepted the first of these conclusions and is cautiously favourable to the second.     

通风管路接头漏风的数值模型

本文在通风管路流运过程及漏风特性进行流体力学及数值计算分析的基础上，建立了通风管路接头漏风的数值模型有订应的系统方程。运用漏风数值模型研究了风管直径、漏缝尺寸、阻力系数及管路长度对漏风的影响。研究结果与日本高木英夫公式不谋而合，证明本文构思正确，并具有一定的实用性。     

基于滞回分配的VBR视频流量带宽管理方案

基于VBR视频流量预测提出了一种新的动态带宽分配算法———滞回算法。与Girish提出的门限算法和Youssef提出的基于GOP场景检测的带宽分配方案相比,对缓存尺寸的需求、信元丢失率等性能有明显提高。大量的仿真表明,该算法能够以较低的开销(带宽重分配次数百分比≤2%)同时兼顾了CLR和带宽利用率,而且只有在缓存队长超过迂回门限时才触发带宽重分配过程,有利于在线实现。     

大秦线开行2万t重载列车对湖东编组站到发场的影响

大秦线开行2万t重载列车,采用4台机车分散联挂的形式。湖东编组站重、空车到发场到发线的布置形式应为:2条重车线或2条空车线夹1条机走线为1束,每束到发线和机走线之间沿列车到达方向设置3处9号道岔,咽喉区至腰岔、每处腰岔和相邻的腰岔之间的有效长度为700m。以C76,C80及性能更好的适型车辆检算湖东站到发线有效长度,应达到2800m及以上。现有技术设备的特征、相邻线路技检作业分工方式、2万t重载列车的机车连挂方式、机车运用和组织方式、列车到达均衡程度、列检能力等是影响湖东站到发线通过能力的主要因素。应进一步优化和合理安排相关线路的行车组织方案,并对现行的技检作业分工方式和机车运用方案进行重新调整。采用重车方向列车在湖东站不换挂机车,各装车点到达湖东站的2万t、1万t列车均在装车地或集结地进行全面的技术检查方案。在此条件下,湖东站重车场到发线数量设置为6条基本可以适应远期大秦线运量的需求。     

铁路螺杆式空气压缩机油的研制

为适应铁路新型客运机车装用螺杆式空气压缩机的需要,研制螺杆式空气压缩机油。经室内配方筛选、室内理化性能综合评定、现场运用装车试验,确定出研制油以聚a 烯烃(PAO)为主、酯类油为辅的复合合成油为基础油,加入一定比例的抗氧剂、防锈防腐蚀剂、抗磨剂、破乳剂、抗泡剂等多种添加剂,并严格按照试验确定的工艺调配而成。经室内理化性能综合评定,研制油倾点低,氧化安定性能、抗泡性能、抗乳化性能、防锈防腐蚀性能优异。经1年现场运用试验,研制油具有更好的抗乳化性和空气释放性,具有相当的抗磨性、氧化安定性。     

客货共运线路轨道不平顺不利波长的分析研究

我国铁路主要是客货共运线路,客车的速度可达140～160km/h,而货车的速度只有80km/h左右。货车与客车的车辆结构动力性能存在较大的差异,所以对轨道结构的几何形位的要求也有所不同。为了使客车和货车都能在同一线路上安全、平稳地运行,则必须对轨道不平顺与车辆运行平稳性和安全性之间的关系进行研究。本文利用计算机动力模拟仿真计算轨道不平顺激扰下客车和货车的动力响应,对轨道随机不平顺与不同类型车辆的车体加速度之间的关系进行了相干分析和功率谱分析,计算得出了引起客车和货车较大动力响应的轨道不平顺不利波长。然后对两者的不利波长进行了分析,归纳出了客货共运线路的轨道不平顺不利波长范围,为现场轨道不平顺的养护维修和管理提供了理论和实践指导。     

全垫升气垫船内部流场的数值模拟与改进

应用计算流体力学(CFD)方法对全垫升气垫船气囊内部的气动特性进行数值模拟计算,获得了气囊内的三维流场分布.其中的关键问题是气囊的排气孔壁面的处理,文中采用了多孔介质模型进行近似,针对气囊前后端压力不平衡的问题,分别采用在进气道内设置导流叶片和在气囊通道中设置隔断两种方法使压力趋于平衡,并通过数值试验找出其最佳位置.此外,文章还对实船相似设计的合理性进行了讨论.     

列车空调机组动态新风量分析

列车运行时空调机组新风量与列车静止时不同。通过CFD数值模拟的方法分析了列车空调新风口的压力场和列车运行速度的关系，并进一步研究了其新风量的变化。