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阐述了中国民航总局近十年来的体制与管理的变革，介绍了中国民航当前采取的五项重大举措.即建立精干高效的行业监管体制和队伍；中国民航由九家航空运输企业组成国内三大航空公司的建设；机场的管理体制和走向市场化；以及改革民航运输的空管制度等.特别讨论2008年北京奥运会、2010年上海世博会等重大活动的空运管理问题.     

A heuristic model for frequency planning and aircraft routing in small size airlines

The flight schedule of an airline is the primary factor in finding the most effective and efficient deployment of the airline's resources. The flight schedule process aims at finding a set of routes with associated aircraft type, frequency of service and times of departures and arrivals in order to satisfy a specific objective such as profit maximization. In this paper, we develop a two‐phase heuristic model for airline frequency planning and aircraft routing for small size airlines. The first phase develops a frequency plan using an economic equilibrium model between passenger demand for flying a particular route and aircraft operating characteristics. The second phase uses a time‐of‐day model to develop an assignment algorithm for aircraft routing.     

Can long-haul low-cost airlines be successful?

A key question is whether the very successful, largely short-haul LCC business model can work over long-haul sectors? This paper compares the cost and other advantages of LCCs and evaluates how far they might be applied to long-haul sectors. It is estimated that cost advantages might be much lower than the 50-60% on short-hauls. Other factors such as the adoption by network airlines of some LCC features and their likely competitive response, the limited potential for market stimulation, the need for dense markets and feed traffic all combine to cast doubt on the widespread establishment of the business model for long-haul flights.     

基于市场进入博弈的高速铁路与航空竞争分析

提出了一个市场进入博弈模型来研究高铁和航空在中等运输距离上的竞争，重点考虑了票价、服务频率和乘客在不同交通方式之间因价格变动产生的转移等因素. 作为市场在位者，航空有允许和阻止两种策略，而高铁可以选择进入或者不进入市场，运用逆向归纳法求解出各种策略组合下航空和高铁的最佳策略，通过京沪高铁的实例展示了航空和高铁博弈的结果，给出了博弈双方的利润、票价、服务频率，以及在市场需求变动、机型变动和沉没成本变动条件下三者的变动情况. 结果表明，如果高铁的沉没成本不高并且市场需求充足，其最佳策略是进入市场，而航空的最佳策略是允许.     

竞争环境下航班舱位控制博弈模型

分析了中国航空市场的特点,以定义不同票价等级下各航空公司所提供的座位数为决策变量,舱位容量为约束条件,各家航空公司收益最大化为多目标函数,构建竞争环境下中国航空公司舱位控制的博弈模型,利用拉格朗日乘数法求解各航空公司最优低价票数,并以此来确定均衡舱位.仿真试验表明:各家航空公司舱位控制策略相互制约且能够达到均衡状态,但受到旅客需求随机性的影响,在12 000次的仿真试验中达到均衡的概率为12.68%,达不到均衡的概率为87.32%,因此,这种均衡是动态的且实现机率较低,结论与实际相符,模型切实可行.     

Measuring hierarchical differentiation: connectivity and dominance in the European urban network

Abstract

This paper presents an examination of the empirical merits of a set of spatial interaction indices for measuring hierarchical differentiation (i.e. dominance and connectivity) in a spatial network. To allow for the comparison of the degree of hierarchical differentiation in networks with different numbers of nodes/links, we propose to normalize the ratio between the real measures and the corresponding values for a rank size distribution in order to obtain readily interpretable measures of hierarchical differentiation. When applied to data on air passenger flows within Europe, the normalized indices, interpreted together, appear to give a good idea of the tendency toward hierarchical differentiation. The potential usefulness of this analytical framework is discussed in the context of studies on (transnational) inter-city relations and empirical assessments of changes in the spatial configuration of airline networks.     

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为改善中小机场普遍亏损现状,基于机场和城市的发展需要,本文研究中小机场的市场开发问题.首先根据产业关联的理论和投入产出分析方法,分析了航空运输业的产业关联情况,采用直接消耗系数评价各类产业对航空运输的需求.然后结合灰色关联度,提出一个新指标——航空运输关联产值,以此来衡量两个城市之间航空运输的市场规模.最后得出结论,不同的行业对航空运输的需求不同,直接用两个城市的GDP来预测两者之间的航空运输需求是不合理的;两个城市之间的航空运输关联产值越高,开通航线的可行性就越大或者增加航班量的必要性就越大.这些结论对于中小机场进行市场开发有一定的指导作用.     

基于复杂网络理论的中国航空网络结构实证研究

运用复杂网络理论,对中国国内航空网络结构进行了实证分析.研究表明,中国航空网络是一个小世界网络,其度分布服从双段幂律分布.与2005年网络结构比较,其平均最短路径长度和簇系数均下降了,而节点及节点平均度都有增加.节点吞吐量点强度和航距点强度与度均呈现正幂律关系,而且度对节点吞吐量的影响大于对航距的影响.介数与度的分布在...     

航班计划恢复中旅客流恢复问题的研究

当航班计划受到扰动时,航空公司不仅要制定飞机与机组路线恢复计划以保证航班执行,更要对旅客流进行恢复以尽量减少旅客延误或取消行程带来的经济损失。在飞机与机组路线恢复计划基础上建立旅客流恢复模型,通过以路径流量为变量的线性整数规划构造出受扰OD对集合,用深度优先算法构造出所有可行行程以单纯形法求解。实例结果表明,所建立的模型和算法能够快速恢复旅客流,并且能够大量减少损失。     

Open skies and open gates

Airline alliances are a global transportation issue which is the subject of increasing attention in the literature. A simple simulation model of air carrier competition in a network is constructed to examine the economic welfare effects of different levels of alliance between the carriers serving the network. The simulations confirm that consumers derive benefits from improved access to passenger markets. However, in many cases, carriers tend to gain from a limited alliance such as code-sharing. This suggests that closer alliances may be driven by other considerations such as raising barriers to entry or the cross-subsidisation of international routes through greater control of the domestic market.