Transportation agencies experiences with decision support systems for airport ground access planning

This article reports on a field investigation into the ways that transportation agencies use quantitative and qualitative information for making strategic decisions regarding airport ground access. The study analyzes the value of this information for planning airport ground access improvements at seven major international airport sites.The major finding of the research is that quantitative modeling for strategic decision support is very difficult, costly and time consuming. Modelers are confident that the models are accurate and reliable but executives generally lack confidence in the results. Transportation officials believe that the information supplied is flawed by a number of defects that minimize its value for strategic decision makers. The information defects described in this article provide an analysis of the structural difficulty of using quantitative modeling for transportation problems of strategic importance. To date, qualitative information is not frequently used, but some transportation agencies are considering its application to designing transportation services. Although this study is limited to airport ground access, the authors feel that this evidence, in conjunction with the evidence from other studies in the transportation area, dictates a need for wariness in the development of decision support systems for transportation planners. Developers of decision support systems for transportation planners must be aware of modeling costs and defects and consider how to improve the timeliness, relevance and credibility of information quantitative models provide transportation executives. Fundamentally it is important to recognize that decision makers tend, either singularly or in concert with other individuals or groups, to be the champions of a long-term vision for the community. When modeling produces inconsistent or wide ranging results that contradict their position, decision makers may not only discard modeling activities, but lose confidence in the models altogether. As a consequence, transportation planners are faced with the challenge of how to improve quantitative modeling. The most reliable and effective means for improvement is incorporation of qualitative techniques which provide greater understanding of customer perceptions and human behavior.     

盐渍土机场地基处理研究

概述盐渍土的工程危害，得出道面下水盐运动所导致的盐分、水分迁移是造成盐渍土地区机场的迅速破坏的原因，并对盐渍土地区机场与公路差异进行了比较，在总结目前常用的处理方法的基础上，结合机场特殊性探讨了适合机场的处理办法。     

自发热技术在机场道面融雪化冰中的应用研究

目前对机场道面降雪结冰所采用的融雪化冰方法都存在一定缺点,很有必要寻求一种新的融雪化冰方法。自发热技术融雪化冰方法就是将导电体铺装在沥青混凝土中,利用导电体通电发热提高道面表面温度,使其高于冰点温度来实现对机场道面融雪化冰的目的。自发热技术融雪化冰方法效率高,效果好,且为绿色环保技术,具有广阔的应用前景。     

机场水泥混凝土道面施工质量控制技术

针对机场水泥混凝土道面施工中容易出现掉边掉角、表面网状或环状裂纹、板体断裂和蜂窝麻面等质量通病,根据大面积混凝土铺筑施工的特点和环境因素,综合分析其质量通病产生的原因,并提出相应的施工控制措施,在实践中取得了明显效果,可供水泥混凝土道面施工参考。     

离岸式海上机场水运交通规划与布置

海上建设机场具有节约土地资源,对城市污染小,飞机起降安全等优点,但与周边陆域交通的联系方面明显薄弱,旅客和货物进出港的通达性和安全性也存在较大问题。文中从分析世界上已建的海上机场案例出发,重点讨论了水运交通的规划与设计,针对我国正在规划建设海上机场的水运交通布置方案进行了探讨,以供有关部门决策时参考。     

基于禁忌搜索算法求解车间作业调度问题

考虑了一个有限经济批量和交货时间计划的车间作业调度问题.在这条供应链上包含两个大的部门(生产加工部门和组装部门);多种工件首先需要经过加工部门多个车间的加工,然后送到组装部门组装成为成品;目标是如何组织安排各种工件在各个车间的各个机器上的加工顺序和加工开始时间使得此供应链上单位时间内的运输费,组装费和存储费用最小.此问题是一个NP难问题,为了找到满意解,本文利用禁忌搜索算法来解决此问题,并用MATLAB软件编写求解此问题的算法程序.从算法的数值试验过程来看,禁忌搜索的效率和效果均令人满意.     

A-SMGCS机场场面运行控制的Petri网建模

以基本网模型为基础,阐述典型运行单元精细化模块构建方法与替代规则,生成场面精细化模型.采用航空器后续滑行路径对托肯进行着色以完成航空器建模,并给出精细化模型与航空器模型集成的方法,实现场面资源的动态竞争建模.以首都机场部分场面运行控制过程建模为例,验证所提建模方法的有效性和适用性.     

大型飞机作用下跑道加铺层的结构响应

为了分析机场跑道加铺道面结构在大型飞机多轮荷载作用下的空间响应规律,明确分析模型的合理计算范围和边界条件,应用大型通用有限元软件ABAQUS,建立了沥青混凝土加铺结构三维有限元模型.通过分析B747-400ER和A380-800等大型飞机多种轮载组合方式作用下的道面结构响应规律,以应力收敛为依据,确定了两种大型飞机的最不利荷载组合和分析模型规模:B747-400ER可采用后8轮组作为飞机最不利荷载组合,A380-800可采用3轴双轮6轮组作为飞机最不利荷载组合,道面结构模型平面尺寸应不小于15m×15m.     

机场道面钻芯劈裂强度的尺寸效应系数

通过对比相同配合比下的室内标准模制圆柱体混凝土试样与现场试验板钻芯标准芯样之间的劈裂强度,探讨了钻芯取样测试对劈裂强度的影响;通过对不同长度芯样的劈裂强度进行对比,研究了试样长度对芯样劈裂强度的影响规律。结果表明:由于钻芯过程产生的损伤及试验板与模制圆柱体试件的混凝土拌和、振捣、养护条件不同,导致钻芯法测得的混凝土劈裂强度相比室内试验降低15.7%;另外由于圆柱体试件的长度增加,混凝土试件的受力平面也随之增大,平面内存在的微裂缝、微孔洞的数量也会随之增多,导致随着试样长度的减小,测得的试样劈裂强度逐渐增大。最终得出国内某通用机场新建飞行区工程的劈裂强度与长度的修正系数。     

Continuous approximation for skip-stop operation in rail transit

Operating speed of a transit corridor is a key characteristic and has many consequences on its performance. It is generally accepted that an increased operating speed for a given fleet leads to reduced operating costs (per kilometer), travel and waiting times (three changes that can be computed precisely), an improved comfort and level of service, which can attract new passengers who are diverted from automobile (items harder to estimate precisely). That is why several operation schemes which aim to increase the operating speed are studied in the literature, such as deadheading, express services, and stop skipping.A novel category of solutions to this problem for one-way single-track rail transit is to perform accelerated transit operations with fixed stopping schedules. The concept is quite simple: as the time required for stopping at each station is an important part of travel time, reducing it would be a great achievement. Particular operations that take advantage of this idea already exist. This paper focuses on one of them: the skip-stop operation for rail transit lines using a single one-way track. It consists in defining three types of stations: AB stations where all the trains stop, and A and B stations where only half of the trains stop (stations type A and B are allocated interchangeably). This mode of operation is already described in the literature (Vuchic, 1973, Vuchic, 1976, Vuchic, 2005) and has been successfully implemented in the Metro system of Santiago, Chile.This work tackles the problem with a continuous approximation approach. The problem is described with a set of geographically dependent continuous parameters like the density of stations for a given line. Cost functions are built for a traditional (all-stop) operation and for skip-stop operation as described above. A simple example is presented to support this discussion. Finally, a discussion about the type of scenarios in which skip-stop operations are more beneficial is presented.