斜拉桥粘滞阻尼器设计方案及参数回归分析

为优化粘滞阻尼器对双塔斜拉桥的减震效果,以淮安大桥(主跨为416m的双塔斜拉桥)为背景进行研究。采用有限元软件SAP2000建立全桥三维有限元模型,应用非线性动力时程方法对比分析了4种不同阻尼器布设方案(分别将粘滞阻尼器布设在塔支座、桥台、边墩和桥台、边墩位置)的减震效果。选择最优方案进行阻尼参数分析,应用最小二乘回归分析法建立关键截面参数与阻尼参数之间的数学模型,以控制截面内力和变形最小为原则,通过求解拟合方程的极值得到最优设计参数。结果表明:在桥台位置安装粘滞阻尼器能使其更好地发挥减震功能,且不改变辅助墩的受力;所提出的阻尼参数优化设计方法能有效地计算出最优阻尼参数,为设计提供方便。     

绕船体粘性自由面流动的数值计算

考虑自由面的船舶粘性流动计算由于其复杂性和对计算机硬伯的较高要求，只是到了最近几年才得到较大发展，而在国内尚属起步阶段。本文使用VOF方法计算了绕Wigley船型的粘性自由面流动，流模式选择了SSTκ-ω模型。计算获得了船体上波形以及船波等值线图，同时考察了三个不同横截面上的流动状况。计算得到的阻力还和发表的试验结果作了对比，结果令人鼓舞。     

大跨度斜拉桥非线性粘滞阻尼器参数研究

为研究地震作用下非线性粘滞阻尼器参数的不同选取对漂浮式大跨度斜拉桥纵向限位性能的影响。通过非线性动力时程分析法对某大跨度斜拉桥中非线性粘滞阻尼器的阻尼系数C和阻尼指数ξ进行参数敏感性分析,与该桥在未设置粘滞阻尼器状态下的地震响应进行比较分析和安全评价。提出选取阻尼系数C和阻尼指数ξ的控制方法和公式。结果表明:斜拉桥纵桥向设置粘滞阻尼器后,通过调节粘滞阻尼器的参数能有效降低结构在地震作用下关键部位的相对位移;非线性粘滞阻尼器在限制主梁纵向位移时对跨中竖向位移有放大作用;合理的阻尼参数对提高地震作用下斜拉桥安全性有重要影响。     

液体粘性联轴器驼峰特性

本文分析了四轮驱动汽车用液体粘性联轴器驼峰现象的产生条件和形成机理，并对各种结构参数对驼峰特性的影响进行了深入系统的试验研究，获得了硅油粘度，硅油填充率以及输入转速等参数对驼峰特性的影响，研究结果对粘性联轴器设计开发具有指导意义。     

Nonlinearity in the vertical transmissibility of seating: the role of the human body apparent mass and seat dynamic stiffness

The efficiency of a seat in reducing vibration depends on the characteristics of the vibration, the dynamic characteristics of the seat, and the dynamic characteristics of the person sitting on the seat. However, it is not known whether seat cushions influence the dynamic response of the human body, whether the human body influences the dynamic response of seat cushions, or the relative importance of human body nonlinearity and seat nonlinearity in causing nonlinearity in measures of seat transmissibility. This study was designed to investigate the nonlinearity of the coupled seat and human body systems and to compare the apparent mass of the human body supported on rigid and foam seats. A frequency domain model was used to identify the dynamic parameters of seat foams and investigate their dependence on the subject-sitting weight and hip breadth. With 15 subjects, the force and acceleration at the seat base and acceleration at the subject interface were measured during random vertical vibration excitation (0.25–25 Hz) at each of five vibration magnitudes, (0.25–1.6 ms^?2 r.m.s.) with four seating conditions (rigid flat seat and three foam cushions). The measurements are presented in terms of the subject's apparent mass on the rigid and foam seat surfaces, and the transmissibility and dynamic stiffness of each of the foam cushions. Both the human body and the foams showed nonlinear softening behaviour, which resulted in nonlinear cushion transmissibility. The apparent masses of subjects sitting on the rigid seat and on foam cushions were similar, but with an apparent increase in damping when sitting on the foams. The foam dynamic stiffness showed complex correlations with characteristics of the human body, which differed between foams. The nonlinearities in cushion transmissibilities, expressed in terms of changes in resonance frequencies and moduli, were more dependent on human body nonlinearity than on cushion nonlinearity.     

镍矿运输船沉没机理的数值模拟分析

近几年来,多条装运红土镍矿的船舶在南中国海倾覆沉没,引起业界的震惊。红土镍矿是一种非常特殊的矿物质,在运输过程中,如果船舶遭遇风浪,或船舶本身长时间的振动,都会导致该矿石的表面液化。液化后的混合液体具有较强粘性,可以形成自由液面。但由于现存的用于计算船舶自由液面的方法不适合于具有较大粘性的液体,因而无法解释运输该种货物船舶倾覆沉没的原因。所以,该文采用数学建模的方法,对运输红土镍矿的船舶进行了模拟计算。得出的结论是当流体的惯性力大于流体的粘性剪力时,粘性流体对船舶的作用力矩随时间的变化总趋势是逐渐增大。当流体产生的横向惯性力远大于流体的剪切阻力时,流体将会挣脱剪切阻力的束缚,迅速滑向船舶的一侧,使船舶的横稳性迅速消失,最终导致船舶很快倾覆沉没。     

黏性场地列车荷载影响下衬砌半渗透边界盾构隧道诱发地表固结沉降解

列车荷载作用下衬砌长期渗漏会显著影响软土盾构隧道周围土体的固结沉降，对邻近环境和地铁的安全运营造成不良影响。针对盾构隧道周围土体固结沉降的既有理论研究一般多考虑衬砌不透水条件，较少考虑衬砌渗漏水及列车荷载耦合作用对于地层固结沉降的影响。引入隧道衬砌半渗透边界和列车三角形循环时效荷载，基于Terzaghi-Rendulic固结理论，采用Boltzmann三元件模型模拟土体流变效应，推导了列车荷载作用下黏弹性地层盾构隧道渗漏水诱发的土体超孔隙水压力消散和地表固结沉降的复变函数解析表达式，并与6个工程实测数据进行对比，验证了所给出解析解的正确性与适用性。此外，通过参数分析讨论了衬砌-土体渗透比和列车荷载参数对土体固结沉降的影响。结果表明：衬砌-土体渗透比是影响盾构扰动地层固结快慢的主要影响因素，衬砌-土体渗透比越大，固结完成时间越早；列车荷载作用下，早期固结沉降速率相较于不考虑列车荷载时会有较明显的增加，但在列车荷载当量增加后，固结沉降速率的增长有所放缓，且其增量与衬砌-土体渗透比密切相关，衬砌-土体渗透比越大，沉降增加量则越大；隧道衬砌可以视为扰动地层的排水边界，其加速了土体固结沉降，而列车荷载与衬砌半渗透性耦合，进一步改变了土体固结沉降形态。     

螺旋桨毂帽鳍节能装置的数值评估与试验研究

对螺旋桨毂帽鳍装置的节能效果采用粘流CFD数值模拟与模型试验的方法进行了评估.利用CFD数值工具对毂帽鳍的节能机理、螺旋桨与毂帽鳍的相互作用,以及雷诺数对节能效果评估的影响进行了详细研究.研究表明,在将桨毂、毂帽鳍和桨叶看作一个系统来考虑时,才能定量评估出节能效果.毂帽鳍对整个系统总推力影响很小,对总扭矩显著减小,从而效率增加.实型尺度雷诺数下毂帽鳍计算得到的节能效果更高,这间接证实了毂帽鳍实船节能效果可能比模型试验节能效果更显著.     

关于锚泊线表观张力若干问题的分析

分析锚泊线表观张力的概念及其作用,为使问题简化,避开表观张力,采用锚泊线重量与侧面静水压力分别计算的方法,给出修正后的锚泊线微分方程,用数值方法直接解出实际张力.     

A free surface frequency domain green function with viscous dissipation and partial reflections from side walls

The free-surface Green function method is widely used in solving the radiation or diffraction problems caused by a ship or ocean structure oscillating on the waves. In the context of inviscid potential flow, hydrodynamic problems such as multi-body interaction and tank side wall effect cannot be properly dealt with based on the traditional free-surface frequency domain Green function method, in which the water viscosity is omitted and the energy dissipation effect is absent. In this paper, an open-sea Green function with viscous dissipation was presented within the theory of visco-potential flow. Then the tank Green function with a partial reflection from the side walls in wave tanks was formulated as a formal sum of open-sea Green functions representing the infinite images between two parallel side walls of the source in the tank. The new far-field characteristics of the tank Green function is vitally important for improving the validity of side-wall effects evaluation, which can be used in supervising the tank model tests.