粘性流体晃荡与弹性结构的相互耦合作用

提出了处理粘性流体晃荡与弹性结构相互耦合作用的理论及相应数值计算方法.流体运动采用N-S方程描述,控制方程采用有限差分法离散,并由超松弛迭代法求解.液体自由表面通过流体体积法进行重构.为了考虑液舱结构变形对液体晃荡的影响,应用了FAVOR技术.由此建立了描述液体晃荡与结构相互耦合作用的水弹性理论,并由相应的计算方法进行了系列运算,以考察二维液舱不同结构刚度对液体晃荡的影响.计算结果有助于进一步理解此类问题的物理现象.     

CFD在潜艇外形方案比较中的应用

以水滴型潜艇为母型进行改造,提出了新型椭圆截面和碟形截面的潜艇外形设计.水滴型潜艇的型值选用"大青花鱼"号的简化型值,在船长与排水量不变的条件下通过改变截面形状给出了后两种新艇型的型值,建立了计算模型.采用有限体积法求解不可压缩的雷诺平均(RANS)方程数值模拟了三种艇体周围的粘性流场,通过对三者的粘性绕流和阻力性能的比较,给出了三种方案各自的优缺点.     

A study on flow field around full ship forms in maneuvering motion

To estimate the maneuvering ability of a ship, an accurate estimation of the hydrodynamic forces and moment acting on the ship's hull is indispensable. For the purpose of developing a numerical method of computing the viscous flow field around a hull and evaluating its validity, the hydrodynamic pressure on the hull and the velocity field were measured. Two full ship models with different hull forms in the aft part were used for the experiment. From the results of pressure measurements, the distribution of hydrodynamic lateral forces was obtained. The simulation method is a numerical solution of the Navier-Stokes equation based on a finitevolume method and applied to the maneuvering motion. The measured and computed results agree qualitatively well, and the method is a valuable tool for estimating the maneuvering ability of a ship. The typical characteristics of the flow field in the steady turning condition are revealed by the numerical simulation, and the mechanism of the relations between hull form, flow field, and hydrodynamic forces are clarified.Translation and combination of articles that appeared in the Journal of the Society of Naval Architects of Japan, vols. 176, 177, 179 (1994–1996): The original article won the SNAJ prize, which is awarded annually to the best papers selected from the SNAJ Journal, JMST, or other quality journals in the field of naval architecture and ocean engineering.This work was conducted as part of the joint SR221 project supported by JSRA (Shipbuilding Research Association of Japan). The authors express their sincere gratitude to the persons concerned, and especially to M. Kanai, S. Eguchi, S. Usami, K. Tatsumi, and T. Kawamura.     

机械冷板冷藏车冷板放冷过程分析研究

机械冷板冷藏车冷板的放冷情况决定了车内货物存放的时间,而放冷过程受到多种因素的影响,从而造成冷板放冷不均匀的现象。本文建立了冷板放冷的数学模型,采用显热容法对冷板放冷的过程进行了分析,研究表明冷板放冷不充分,并对冷板的设计与优化提出了若干可行方案。     

Improving longitudinal motion prediction of hybrid monohulls with the viscous effect

A new method improves prediction of the motion of a hybrid monohull in regular waves. Stem section hydrodynamic coefficients of a hybrid monohull with harmonic oscillation were computed using the Reynolds Averaged Navier-Stokes Equations (RANSE). The governing equations were solved using the finite volume method. The VOF method was used for free surface treatment, and RNGК-ε turbulence model was employed in viscous flow calculation. The whole computational domain was divided into many blocks each with structured grids, and the dynamic process was treated with moving grids. Using a 2-D strip method and 2.5D theory with the correction hydrodynamic coefficients allows consideration of the viscous effect when predicting longitudinal motion of a hybrid monohull in regular waves. The method is effective at predicting motion of a hybrid monohull, showing that the viscous effect on a semi-submerged body cannot be ignored.     

Modelling the fore-and-aft apparent mass of the human body and the transmissibility of seat backrests

A combined lumped-parameter and multi-body system dynamic model of the human body–seat system has been constructed with masses and moments of inertia and with linear translational and rotational springs and dampers. The model was developed in four steps by minimising the sum-of-least-squares error between laboratory measurements and model predictions of the fore-and-aft driving point apparent mass and the fore-and-aft transmissibility of a car backrest. Good agreement was achieved between model predictions and both the median measured driving-point apparent mass and the median measured backrest transmissibility with six subjects. The model was capable of representing the measured apparent masses and predicting the backrest transmissibility with the individual subjects. It was also capable of predicting the backrest transmissibilities of two different car seats. A sensitivity study was conducted and the effects of the model parameters on the peak moduli and corresponding frequencies of the apparent mass and the backrest transmissibility are presented.     

中型豪华游船波浪增阻数值模拟分析

船舶在波浪中航行时由于波浪的扰动阻力较静水中有所增加,称作船舶在波浪中的增阻现象。文章对某中型豪华游船在设计航速下,进行静水和不同波浪条件中的三维粘流流场数值模拟及模型试验验证。为后续型线设计提供依据,有较好的实际应用前景。     

基于雷诺应力方程模型的全附体潜艇尾部伴流场三维粘性数值计算

采用Reynolds应力方程模型求解Reynolds平均Navier—Stokes方程，对SUBOFF全附体模型的尾部伴流场进行了三维粘性数值模拟，将计算的潜艇尾部伴流场同有关文献的试验结果进行了比较，计算结果同试验结果具有很好的一致性。结果表明，Reynolds应力方程模型在潜艇的流场计算中特别是在对潜艇的尾部伴流场的计算方面具有很好的应用价值和发展前景。     

液体黏滞阻尼器与双曲面球形减隔震支座联合应用研究

以某城际铁路105 m简支系杆拱桥为工程依托,采用液体黏滞阻尼器与双曲面球形减隔震支座联合作用方式,对结构进行罕遇地震下的抗震设计,以了解二者联合应用于减隔震设计时的特性。利用Midas/Civil软件,采用非线性时程分析方法,对液体黏滞阻尼器与双曲面球形减隔震支座分别应用于结构的减震效果,以及二者联合应用时的减震特性分别进行了分析。分析结果显示,液体黏滞阻尼器的减震效果要优于双曲面球形减隔震支座。在给定的减震目标下二者联合应用时,液体黏滞阻尼器的吨位及结构墩顶水平力均较单独使用有所降低,对阻尼器的布置及结构的抗震设计是有利的;双曲面球形减隔震支座对地震能量耗散小,支座的摩阻系数提高时虽然增大了地震能量消耗比,但增大了结构墩顶水平力与震后残余位移,对结构抗震是不利的;二者联合应用时,应结合设防结构自身特点与减隔震设计目标,选取合适的设计参数。     

行波效应作用下自锚式悬索桥地震响应分析

为了研究空间性地震动中的行波效应对某自锚式悬索桥的动力响应影响,以某大跨度悬索桥为研究背景,首先确定了符合悬索桥桥址场地特性的抗震设计反应谱,并以此作为目标谱.基于随机振动理论,将目标反应谱转换为当量的加速度时程曲线作为大跨度悬索桥抗震分析的地震动输入.根据地震波视波速的离散性选取400 m/s,800 m/s、1 200 m/s和1 600 m/s来考虑行波效应对大跨度悬索桥动力响应的影响.研究结果表明:视波速小于1 200 m/s时,桥塔塔底剪力随着视波速的增加而增加.视波速大于1 200 m/s时,1号塔塔底剪力随着视波速的增加而减小,2号塔塔底的剪力则在增加.考虑行波效应时,桥塔的弯矩随着视波速的增加而上下波动,但与一致激励情况相比,1号塔塔底处弯矩响应值在一致激励情况下得到的弯矩值处上下波动,2号塔塔底处弯矩一直小于一致激励的弯矩值;桥塔塔顶位移受行波效应的影响较大,其塔顶最大位移响应是一致激励的2倍.大跨度悬索桥抗震设计考虑行波效应是非常必要的.