A study on seepage field in subgrade slope subjected to various rainfall patternsEI北大核心

Research purposes: Rainfall is one of the most important factors for subgrade slope failure, and rainfall patter is one of the most primary influence parameters. Based on the two-dimensional saturated-unsaturated seepage theory, numerical analyses are conducted to investigate the change rules of seepage field in subgrade slope subjected to rainfalls with four different patterns, i.e. delayed, uniform, central and advanced rainfall patterns. Research conclusions: (1) Both the maximum pore-water pressure umax and the maximum saturated depth Hsmax at shoulder are affected by rainfall intensity and rainfall duration observably. (2) There is a sensitive range of coefficient of permeability influencing on the maximum saturated depth, only within the sensitive range increasing coefficient of permeability could reduce Hsmax and subgrade surface pore-water pressure effectively. (3) Under central and advanced rainfall patterns, the most dangerous time stage of slope stability is obvious affected by coefficient of permeability, within the sensitive range and the less side outside the sensitive range, the starting point of the most dangerous time stage is not affected by coefficient of permeability, but the end time is advanced with coefficient of permeability increasing. (4) The stability of subgrade slope is the best under advanced rainfall pattern and the worst under delayed rainfall pattern. (5) The research results can provide basis and reference for slope protection and reinforcement design.     

A multi‐class mean‐excess traffic equilibrium model with elastic demand

Recent empirical studies have revealed that travel time variability plays an important role in travelers' route choice decisions. To simultaneously account for both reliability and unreliability aspects of travel time variability, the concept of mean‐excess travel time (METT) was recently proposed as a new risk‐averse route choice criterion. In this paper, we extend the mean‐excess traffic equilibrium model to include heterogeneous risk‐aversion attitudes and elastic demand. Specifically, this model explicitly considers (1) multiple user classes with different risk‐aversions toward travel time variability when making route choice decisions under uncertainty and (2) the elasticity of travel demand as a function of METT when making travel choice decisions under uncertainty. This model is thus capable of modeling travelers' heterogeneous risk‐averse behaviors with both travel choice and route choice considerations. The proposed model is formulated as a variational inequality problem and solved via a route‐based algorithm using the modified alternating direction method. Numerical analyses are also provided to illustrate the features of the proposed model and the applicability of the solution algorithm. Copyright © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

基于简化差分相干积累的北斗B1频点信号精捕获算法

北斗卫星信号的捕获速度、灵敏度及精度将直接影响接收机的性能指标.本文提出了一种提高北斗导航卫星B1频点信号检测信噪比的精捕获算法,该算法基于简化差分相干积累（SDCI）的短时匹配滤波器（STMF）和快速傅里叶变换（FFT）运算（STMF-FFT）.为了保证在降低FFT运算量和提高信号检测概率的条件下,获得更精确的多普勒频率估计,采用逼近效果较好的切比雪夫线性最小二乘曲线拟合法得到多普勒频移的精确化估计值.理论分析和仿真验证表明：本文提出的SDCI算法比非相干积累算法获得的检测信噪比高约3.2 dB.     

城市快速路交通拥堵持续时间分布特性研究

依托上海市南北高架西侧的交通流数据,引入生存分析方法,建立基于风险的交通拥堵持续时间模型。其根据大量交通拥堵样本的时间属性,采用Kaplan-M eyer非参数回归模型定量估计拥堵持续时间,并按星期数、高峰时段、数据年限、样本位置和天气划分五类影响因素,从生存函数和危险函数两个方面,分析拥堵持续时间的时空分布特性。结果表明上海市南北高架西侧的交通拥堵持续时间70％能在1小时内消散,在不同类别的影响因素下分布特性存在明显差异。     

拌和时间及拌和温度对橡胶沥青性能的影响

利用废旧轮胎作为橡胶沥青生产原料,不仅可以改善路面的使用性能,延长路面的使用寿命,而且可以减轻废轮胎带来的环境压力.在理论分析的基础上,通过大量的试验研究了拌和时间、拌和温度对橡胶沥青性能的影响.根据试验结果,认为制备橡胶沥青时的最佳反应时间为60min左右,最佳反应温度为190℃.     

橡胶改性沥青室内加工方法试验研究

胶粉掺入量、反应时间和反应温度对橡胶改性沥青路面性能有很重要的影响。通过橡胶改性沥青室内加工方法（反应时间、反应温度和胶粉掺入量）试验研究,确定了橡胶改性沥青的最佳反应时间为60min,最佳反应温度为180℃,最佳胶粉掺量为18％。     

舰船战损生命力实时计算方法及软件开发研究

针对舰船战损生命力计算实时性较高的需求,研究了舰船战损浮稳性参数实时计算方法、舰船战损等级评定方法等生命力计算中的关键问题,在此基础上,设计了通用舰船生命力实时计算软件的结构,开发了舰船生命力实时计算软件原型系统,该系统具有舰船数据管理、舰船战损生命力实时计算等方面功能.     

两种典型公交站点候车时间模型对比研究

乘客候车时间可直接反映公交运输系统的运营状态和服务水平.将常规公交站点分类为是否与轨道交通有衔接,对27路、111路白石桥东站,以及运通105路和87路城铁西直门站进行实地调研,获取各线路晚高峰的乘客候车时间数据,对数据进行拟合与分析.结果表明,客流到站时间分别服从对数正态分布和伽马分布.基于客流到站时间分布函数,反推出乘客候车时间模型,同时对模型进行对比分析,并得出相应结论.     

考虑时间价值的中非多式联运路径与出海港选择

为区分细化不同货类的中非多式联运路径及出海港选择,将货物的时间价值作为一种运输成本。本文定义货物的时间价值成本由资金占用成本和货物价值损失两部分构成,考虑班轮的班期、运输报价及货物的时间价值,综合出海港的选择和到港运输路径、方式,构建路径选择模型,以期为实际的分货类出海港路径选择提供参考。通过深度优先遍历算法,求解长沙-德班算例。结果表明,班轮的班期、运输报价及货物的时间价值都将影响路径选择的结果。在运价调幅方面,对于高价值、高时间敏感度的货物,货主的出海港选择有较强的鲁棒性;对于低价值、低时间敏感度的货物,运费报价的调幅能在可控范围内(1000 USD·TEU-1 )实现货主对多个港口选择的变换,具有相对的灵活性和可控性。     

城市突发事件下交通影响范围方法比较

为掌握城市突发事件下交通影响范围确定方法,对城市突发事件定义、分类、影响范围进行分析,梳理现有定性、定量分析方法,并对基于交通波理论、服务水平的研究方法相关原理比较,总结各方法的适用性与不足,提出需要研究的方向与内容,为制定合理的应急疏散方案打下基础。