我国货运电力机车转向架轮对驱动系统

经过几十年的发展,我国货运电力机车转向架轮对驱动系统形式多样,满足了铁路重载快速货运的要求。文章主要对双边传动、单边传动、带弹性联轴器传动三种典型的轮对驱动系统进行了介绍,重点对其及工作原理和结构进行了详细论述。     

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阐述了中国民航总局近十年来的体制与管理的变革，介绍了中国民航当前采取的五项重大举措.即建立精干高效的行业监管体制和队伍；中国民航由九家航空运输企业组成国内三大航空公司的建设；机场的管理体制和走向市场化；以及改革民航运输的空管制度等.特别讨论2008年北京奥运会、2010年上海世博会等重大活动的空运管理问题.     

Low cost carrier competition and route entry in an emerging but regulated aviation market – The case of China

Although China lags behind other liberalized aviation markets in low cost carrier (LCC) development, its largest LCC, Spring Airlines, has achieved rapid growth in traffic volume and revenue, as well as consistent profitability, since its inauguration in 2005. Our empirical study on the Chinese domestic market suggests that Spring adopts a “cream skimming” strategy to enter high-priced routes, allowing the carrier to achieve both a very high load factor and considerable profitability. Spring’s capacity and market share on individual routes are constrained to low levels, likely due to government regulation and/or a “puppy dog” strategy adopted by the carrier. As a result, Spring is able to achieve fast growth without triggering price wars. To incumbent full service carriers, high speed rail (HSR) services impose much more significant competitive pressure than low cost carriers. Similar to LCCs in developed markets, Spring prefers to serve markets with high traffic volumes out of its operational base in Shanghai. Overall, Spring’s entry decision is not significantly affected by competition, either from full service airlines or HSR services. Our investigation suggests that LCCs have potential to introduce more competition but are yet to be a “game changer” in China. Further deregulation of the domestic market is needed.     

基于边际效用的民机备件库存优化模型

为了最大限度地发挥民机备件的保障作用,使各种备件的库存水平最优,在综合考虑备件的技术性、经济性与可获取性的基础上,以备件缺货导致的民机平均维修等待时间为优化目标,以总航材供应成本为约束条件,建立了民机备件库存优化模型。在对备件单位成本的边际效用进行分析的基础上,采用启发式算法对模型进行求解,得到备件库存水平的优化方案。实例验证表明:在给定供应成本约束条件下,与仅依据各种备件保障率的计算结果相比,实际维修等待时间缩短了11.5%,库存备件资金降低了27.5%,因此,该模型是客观有效的,可节约库存成本,显著提高飞机的利用水平。     

电气化铁路与机场导航设施的电磁兼容

研究目的:电气化铁路对机场导航设施的电磁干扰影响,应执行国标GB 6364的相关标准。胶济电气化铁路与青岛流亭机场导航设施间的防护距离不能满足防护标准,采用技术可行经济合理的电磁兼容措施,避免铁路改线或机场搬迁。研究方法:通过理论分析,找出相互间电磁兼容的条件,并通过实测验证,为设计提供防护依据。研究结果:推荐“现状电化”方案,并提出备用方案和应急方案。在电气化铁路具备通电条件后,实施校验飞行和防护效果检测。研究结论:对不满足国标规定的导航设施,对无源干扰和有源干扰作理论分折,为设计提供理论根据。并通过现场实测和校验飞行,验证分折结论。满足常规电气化铁路常速运行的电磁防护标准,在高速铁路200 km/h条件下也同样能满足防护标准。     

民航飞机起飞推力对油耗和排放的影响分析

起飞是飞行过程中一个非常重要的阶段。为研究起飞推力对油耗和排放的影响，基于多 种数据，建立一种耦合的起飞油耗计算方法，以广州白云机场起飞的B738、A320、A321、B737为 研究对象，比较不同方法的起飞油耗计算结果，分析推力对起飞油耗和排放的影响，并对比分析 推力调整后起飞排放的变化情况。结果表明：本文方法计算结果准确性较高，与真实数据相比，4 种机型起飞油耗平均相对差值分别为-2.32%、5.41%、2.31%和-3.80%；B738和B737随着推力的 增加，起飞油耗先减少后增加，推力在77%和81%时，起飞油耗最低；A320随着起飞推力越大，起 飞油耗越少；A321 随着推力越大，起飞油耗越多；采用推力调整后，广州白云机场 B738、B737、 A320、A321这4种机型的年起飞排放量累计可减少2499.3 t，减少率达6.4%；在各种排放物中，碳 排放量减少最多，为2471.1 t，占总排放物的98.9%，减少率达6.5%。采用推力调整减少起飞油耗 和排放对航空器节能减排有重要意义。     

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以“轨道交通技术政策”为主题,针对城市轨道交通、城际轨道交通和高速铁路,结合国家与区域社会经济发展的需求,提出了不同类型轨道交通的功能定位. 研究了不同类型轨道交通系统单位周转量能耗的统计指标,以及计算模型和方法. 结合实际统计数据与列车运行的仿真计算,定量测算了不同技术参数和运输组织方案下轨道交通能耗的变化趋势,从节能角度对我国轨道交通发展的技术政策提出了建议.     

盾构施工对航油管道的扰动效应

机场飞行区下施工容易造成上覆土体的沉陷,从而引起隧道上部埋置管道的局部下沉,并使管道产生较高的附加应力。通过对下穿盾构施工时所产生的土体下沉位移进行分析,探讨管道不同部位的沉陷分布规律计算模型;应用ABAQUS有限元软件对管道下盾构施工过程进行数值模拟,分别反映施加不同附加荷载情况以及不同管-隧相对位置下埋置管道力学状态改变。理论分析和数值模拟结果表明： 航油管道埋深较浅,管道呈受压状态且受飞机附加荷载影响应力增幅较大;管道与隧道的垂直间距过小,管道呈受拉状态而易引起受拉破坏。以安全评价方法为指标,可确定航油管道的临界埋深与管-隧间距。     

A strategic model of public–private partnerships in transportation: Effect of taxes and cost structure on investment viability

We formulate a game-theoretic model of a concession agreement between a government and a private party, a concessionaire, who has to engage a set of service providers as part of the operating responsibilities. We use the model to examine the importance of a government's tax policy to induce private investments in transportation infrastructure. Our analysis brings to fore insights that are useful in the design of partnership agreements, such as the importance of early and binding government commitments to ensure stable partnerships, and thus, successful projects. Our analysis shows that these strong commitments are even more critical in situations where the success of the partnership requires participation of additional, self-interested parties, such as specialized service providers. Finally, we consider variations of the model where government preferences are explicitly captured, and where the returns from the fixed cost portion of the concessionaire's investment are exempt from taxes. We show that both variations can lead to outcomes where the concessionaire's tax burden is shifted to the service providers. This flexibility can be critical in the design of partnership agreements for (high-risk or highly specialized transportation) projects where additional incentives may be needed to induce private party participation.     

基于GIS的地面网络最短路实现在机场飞行区应急救援系统的应用研究

航空安全是空中交通运输系统正常运行的基础,快度、高效的处理航空安全事故对恢复空中交通系统的正常运行具有重要意义。文章从机场航空安全角度出发,通过分析机场飞行区地面网络结构图,创建了节点、弧段关系数据库以描述机场飞行区的网络拓扑结构,运用Dijkstra算法实现了快速最短路径搜索。在此基础上利用地理信息系统（GIS）二次开发工具MapX组件,以国内某机场为例,在Visusal Basic环境下实现了机场飞行区应急救援信息管理系统,为机场应急救援管理决策的可视化、便捷化提供了支持。同时拓展了MapX开发应用型地理信息系统的空间分析能力。