一种非侵入式接触网导线舞动监测方法

接触网导线舞动会危害电气化铁路的运行安全,造成较大的经济损失.为预防接触导线舞动而导致灾害发生,基于视频图像技术,提出一种非侵入式的接触网导线舞动监测方法.该方法利用侧方位安装的摄像机获取接触网实时图像,将图像进行预处理以减少运算量.采用区域边缘检测结合形态学运算完成接触导线边缘轮廓的提取,在此基础上应用Hough变换...     

基于SOGA的VISSIM仿真模型参数标定方法

微观交通仿真模型是对交通系统进行管理、控制和优化的重要试验手段和工具,而微观交通模型的参数标定是确保微观交通仿真模型能真实、直观地反映交通流运行情况的必要前提.针对遗传算法(GA)的不足,提出了基于自适应正交遗传算法(SOGA)的微观交通仿真模型参数标定方法.选取应用较为广泛的VISSIM仿真模型作为基础平台,给出了该优化方法中染色体的编码解码、适应度函数和自适应正交交叉算子的详细设计.最后将算法应用到北京市荣华中路与荣京西街交叉口模型参数标定中,通过与GA算法、正交试验法对比,SOGA算法得到的适应度函数值为19.43,优于其他标定算法的适应度函数值;同时,SOGA算法迭代时间比GA算法少了40.5%,验证了SOGA算法在VISSIM参数标定上的优越性.     

基于改进优化速度函数的跟驰模型研究

为了探究车辆跟驰中车头间距与速度的关系函数,采用高精度车载GPS设备获取了大量基于时间序列的车辆跟驰数据,根据实测车头间距—平均速度关系构建了改进的优化速度函数.对原优化速度函数和改进的优化速度函数进行了参数标定,并对两个函数进行了微观向宏观交通参数的推导,结果表明,改进的优化速度函数能更好地描述车辆跟驰中微观和宏观交通参数之间的关系.最后对基于两种函数的全速度差跟驰模型进行了数值模拟,结果表明,基于改进的优化速度函数的跟驰模型具有更好的稳定性.     

Enhancing the performance of existing urban traffic light control through extremum-seeking

Urban traffic light controllers are responsible for maintaining good performance within the transport network. Most existing and proposed controllers have design parameters that require some degree of tuning, with the sensitivity of the performance measure to the parameter often high. To date, tuning has been largely treated as a manual calibration exercise but ignores the effects of changes in traffic condition, such as demand profile evolution due to urban population growth. To address this potential shortcoming, we seek to use a newly developed extremum-seeker to calibrate the parameters of existing urban traffic light controllers in real-time such that a certain performance measure is optimised. The results are demonstrated for three categories of traffic controllers on a microscopic urban traffic simulation. It is demonstrated that the extremum-seeking scheme is able to seek the optimal parameters, with respect to a certain performance measure, for each of these traffic light controllers in an urban, uni-modal traffic environment.     

Exploring the impact of connected and autonomous vehicles on freeway capacity using a revised Intelligent Driver Model

ABSTRACT

Connected and autonomous vehicle (CAV) technologies are expected to change driving/vehicle behavior on freeways. This study investigates the impact of CAVs on freeway capacity using a microsimulation tool. A four-lane basic freeway segment is selected as the case study through the Caltrans Performance Measurement System (PeMS). To obtain valid results, various driving behavior parameters are calibrated to the real traffic conditions for human-driven vehicles. In particular, the calibration is conducted using genetic algorithm. A revised Intelligent Driver Model (IDM) is developed and used as the car-following model for CAVs. The simulation is conducted on the basic freeway segment under different penetration rates of CAVs and different freeway speed limits. The results show that with an increase in the market penetration rate, freeway capacity increases, and will increase significantly as the speed limit increases.     

双目立体视觉测量系统的设计与实现

依据双目立体视觉原理,对双目立体视觉测量系统的设计与实现展开研究,介绍了双目立体视觉测量系统的组成,对系统涉及的主要关键技术进行了详细的探讨。结合相关硬件设备,利用VC6．o和Matlab软件开发平台实现了双目立体视觉测量系统,经过实验验证该系统能够对运动物体的轴线三维姿态进行高精度的测量。     

基于IEEE1451.4的智能水听器设计

该文遵循IEEE1451.4标准和1-wire通信协议,分析了标准水听器的结构特点,在原来模拟水听器中加入可存放数据的TEDS存储器,并增加并行的数字接口,采用1-wire存储器件DS2433和1-wire转USB接口适配器核心芯片DS2490,开发了一款智能化的水听器及读写电路适配器,设计了基于OneWireViewer的读写软件,并研究了水听器校正模型,提出了一种可靠的智能化的水听器实现方案。     

基于单目视觉的汽车钣金零件焊接系统设计

针对汽车钣金零件在激光焊接过程中存在的误差较大等问题,设计了一种基于单目机器视觉的汽车钣金零件焊接系统,该系统通过视觉传感器测量汽车钣金零件的二维焊缝尺寸,并在焊接后通过计算机数字图像处理实施焊缝质量检测。实验结果表明,机器视觉焊缝质量好、工作稳定可靠,能够有效提高汽车钣金零件焊缝尺寸的激光焊接精度,有利于实现汽车钣金零件激光焊接的过程自动化。     

The joint estimation of respondent-reported certainty and acceptability with choice

In the stated choice literature, increasing attention has been paid to methods that seek to close the gap between the choices from these experiments and the choices experienced in the real world. Attempts to produce model estimates that are truer to real market behaviours are especially important for transportation, where many important policy decisions rely on such experiments. A recent approach that has emerged makes use of a certainty index whereby respondents report how certain they are about each choice they make. Additional literature also posits that when making decisions, people first identify an acceptable set of alternatives (alternative acceptability) such that a consideration set if formed and it is from this reduced set that the ultimate choice is made. This paper presents two models that jointly estimates choice and choice certainty and choice and alternative acceptability. This joint estimation allows the modeller to overcome potential endogeneity that may exist between these responses. In comparing choices of differing certainty, surprisingly little difference in marginal sensitivities are found. This is not the case in the alternative acceptability models however. An important finding of this research is that what could be interpreted as preference heterogeneity may in fact be more closely linked to scale. The ramifications of these results on future research are discussed.     

北京地铁超速防护设备的校时系统

北京地铁2号线超速防护设备(ATP)的本地时钟一直依靠人员进行设定,导致各列车之间时间不统一且误差很大,对行车调度、故障诊断等方面有很大影响.为此,开发基于无线通信的地车校时系统,利用全球定位系统(GPS)的标准时间,自动为车载设备提供精确的统一时间,实现地铁列车时钟的协调一致,提高运营的安全性和可靠性.