Calibration of nonlinear car-following laws for traffic oscillation prediction

Frequency-domain analysis has been successfully used to (i) predict the amplification of traffic oscillations along a platoon of vehicles with nonlinear car-following laws and (ii) measure traffic oscillation properties (e.g., periodicity, magnitude) from field data. This paper proposes a new method to calibrate nonlinear car-following laws based on real-world vehicle trajectories, such that oscillation prediction (based on the calibrated car-following laws) and measurement from the same data can be compared and validated. This calibration method, for the first time, takes into account not only the driver’s car-following behavior but also the vehicle trajectory’s time-domain (e.g., location, speed) and frequency-domain properties (e.g., peak oscillation amplitude). We use Newell’s car-following model (1961) as an example and calibrate its parameters based on a penalty-based maximum likelihood estimation procedure. A series of experiments using Next Generation Simulation (NGSIM) data are conducted to illustrate the applicability and performance of the proposed approach. Results show that the calibrated car-following models are able to simultaneously reproduce observed driver behavior, time-domain trajectories, and oscillation propagation along the platoon with reasonable accuracy.     

Multilane first-order traffic flow model with endogenous representation of lane-flow equilibrium

In this study, we develop a multilane first-order traffic flow model for freeway networks. In the model, lane changing is considered as a stochastic behavior that can decrease an individual driver’s disutility or cost, and is represented as dynamics toward the equilibrium of lane-flow distribution along with longitudinal traffic dynamics. The proposed method can be differentiated from those in previous studies because in this study, the motivation of lane changing is explicitly considered and it is treated as a utility defined by the current macroscopic traffic state. In addition, the entire process of lane changing is computed macroscopically by an extension of the kinematic wave theory employing IT principle; moreover, in the model framework, the lane-flow equilibrium curve is endogenously generated because of self-motivated lane changes. Furthermore, the parsimonious representation enables parameter calibration using the data collected from conventional loop detectors. The calibration of the data collected at four different sites, including a sag bottleneck, on the Chugoku expressway in Japan reveals that the proposed method can represent the lane-flow distribution of any observation site with high accuracy, and that the estimated parameters can reasonably explain the multilane traffic dynamics and the bottleneck phenomena uphill of sag sections.     

高速公路工地试验室精细化管理存在问题及对策分析

结合在高速公路工程质量监督管理过程中发现的高速公路工地试验室在设备及报告管理中存在的各种典型问题,分门别类地对问题存在的形式、原因进行了剖析,对如何避免这些问题提出建议.期望能够提高工地试验室的标准化、规范化、精细化管理,不断提高试验检测数据的客观性和准确性,有效发挥试验检测在控制工程质量和指导工程建设中的重要作用,促...     

Automatic calibration of fundamental diagram for first‐order macroscopic freeway traffic models

Despite its importance in macroscopic traffic flow modeling, comprehensive method for the calibration of fundamental diagram is very limited. Conventional empirical methods adopt a steady state analysis of the aggregate traffic data collected from measurement devices installed on a particular site without considering the traffic dynamics, which renders the simulation may not be adaptive to the variability of data. Nonetheless, determining the fundamental diagram for each detection site is often infeasible. To remedy these, this study presents an automatic calibration method to estimate the parameters of a fundamental diagram through a dynamic approach. Simulated flow from the cell transmission model is compared against the measured flow wherein an optimization merit is conducted to minimize the discrepancy between model‐generated data and real data. The empirical results prove that the proposed automatic calibration algorithm can significantly improve the accuracy of traffic state estimation by adapting to the variability of traffic data when compared with several existing methods under both recurrent and abnormal traffic conditions. Results also highlight the robustness of the proposed algorithm. The automatic calibration algorithm provides a powerful tool for model calibration when freeways are equipped with sparse detectors, new traffic surveillance systems lack of comprehensive traffic data, or the case that lots of detectors lose their effectiveness for aging systems. Furthermore, the proposed method is useful for off‐line model calibration under abnormal traffic conditions, for example, incident scenarios. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

混合动力系统发动机工况点优化的标定实现

混合动力系统较传统动力总成系统增加了电机、电池,使发动机工况点可以在发动机、电机、动力电池限制范围内进行优化,以提高燃油经济性。以优化整车燃油经济性为目的,得到所有可运行工况点发电、助力工作模式下的等效燃油消耗率。等效燃油消耗率为非线性离散数据,为保证标定数据有效、整车系统的稳定性,给出基于等效燃油消耗率的发动机工况点标定数据修正原则,最终得到混合动力系统扭矩分配的标定数据。通过合理标定扭矩分配,达到优化发动机工况点落点以提高整车经济性的目的。     

CANape-Simulink联合仿真的旁通技术在湿式双离合变速器自动化标定中的应用

众所周知,双离合器自动变速器(以下简称DCT)TCU软件控制逻辑复杂,标定难度大、周期长,仅仅离合器充油一项标定模块就集成了近300个标定参数。在研究了标定软件Vector CANape、Simulink的使用功能后,探索出一种应用CANape-Simulink的旁通技术自动化执行离合器充油标定的方法,并通过实车验证了该种方法的可行性。     

宏观标定方法在Wiedemann驾驶行为阈值研究中的应用

基于流量速度图对Wiedemann74模型参数标定的宏观方法进行了研究,建立了集成VISSIM、Matlab、ExcelVBA的参数标定平台,以最小化流量速度图的实测值与仿真值的差异为优化目标,应用图像识别方法判剐图像的差异性,利用遗传算法优化参数值,实现了参数自动寻优的迭代过程.建立的参数标定平台能够利用流量、速度等宏观运行数据标定驾驶行为阈值参数,为利用检测器数据实现自动化标定提供了有效手段,为分析驾驶行为特点提供了方法,解决了VISSIM软件中默认参数不适合我国交通状况导致仿真精度不高的问题.利用路侧激光检测器采集长沙市南二环路断面交通数据,根据标定后的参数、实测数据对Wiedemann模型的驾驶行为阈值曲线进行了拟合,根据驾驶行为分区对长沙市南二环路的驾驶行为进行了分析.     

共轨柴油机起动油量控制策略优化及试验研究

在自主研发的基于Freescale 9S12 16位电控单元基础上,将共轨柴油机的起动阶段划分为起动初期、起动加速期、起动延伸期及稳定阶段分别进行控制。针对各个阶段的特点,提出各自的控制策略优化方案。利用Matlab/Simulink建立起动工况喷油量的仿真模型,离线仿真后在1台4JB1高压共轨柴油机上进行了起动油量的优化标定试验。试验结果表明,优化后的柴油机起动迅速可靠,转速过渡平稳。     

发动机采用BOOST建模和与CRUISE联合仿真的研究

利用AVL公司开发的BOOST软件可宏观地描述发动机的热力学过程且优化发动机的性能,而AVL的CRUISE软件可调用BOOST建立的发动机模型.在进行道路循环工况的仿真时,须对发动机全部工况点进行准确的标定.文中采用BOOST开发了发动机的仿真模型.通过调整节气门开度和燃烧模型参数,标定了发动机在多个转速和负荷点的转矩、功率和油耗,较好地模拟了发动机的动力性和经济性.最后基于ECE循环工况,将此模型与CRUISE进行联合仿真,分析了发动机瞬态工况的动力性、油耗和NO_x排放等参数.     

一种适用不同通信方式基于XCP协议的ECU标定工具的开发

针对汽车ECU的多样性,设计了基于XCP协议的集成多种通信方式的标定平台.开发了主、从节点的XCP驱动程序.在相同的协议层下,构建了基于CAN总线和串口的两种传输层结构,使标定系统同时适用于两种不同的通信方式,并对系统的实时性进行了测试和分析.具体的应用实例说明了该系统使用方便,工作灵活,为车载ECU的高效开发提供了有效工具.