传统方法在水下相机标定应用中的研究

针对加装保护壳体的水下相机光路较空气中复杂,传统成像模型及标定在水下是否满足工程要求的问题,在带畸变的小孔成像模型中利用传统方法进行了大气和水下的相机标定,验证了两种情况下标定偏差的存在;利用神经网络方法对水下相机标定进行了对比实验,结果显示传统方法在工程应用中的水下相机标定中仍具有优势。     

基于UDS协议的并线辅助系统动态校准

并线辅助作为汽车智能安全技术的重要组成部分,越来越被重视,它通过车载毫米波雷达检测车辆后方目标的运动情况,提醒驾驶者安全范围内有无障碍物或来车,从而消除视线盲区,提高驾驶员的行车安全。由于车辆自身及雷达支架结构的误差,新安装后的雷达需要进行校准,而UDS诊断协议作为产线设备及售后诊断设备的基础通信协议,将为并线辅助系统动态校准提供网络通信支持。     

基于CCP协议汽车电控单元标定系统的设计

介绍了CCP协议的基本原理、通信方式以及用于ECU标定的各种工作模式,讨论了一种基于该协议的汽车电控单元标定系统的设计方法。实际应用结果表明,该标定系统可以有效地实现对多个汽车电控单元进行在线标定,并可以针对不同用户需求提供不同的定制功能,在汽车电子控制系统开发中将能得到较好的应用。     

无线车次号校核系统在TDCS中的应用

随着我国列车运行速度的不断提高，铁路运输对行车调度指挥系统提出更高的要求。无线车次号校核系统作为行车调度指挥系统的重要组成部分，其作用越来越显著。介绍了无线车次号校核系统的构成、工作原理，主要设备的性能及技术指标，结合实际分析了存在的问题，提出相应解决方案。     

Online calibration for microscopic traffic simulation and dynamic multi-step prediction of traffic speed

Simulating driving behavior in high accuracy allows short-term prediction of traffic parameters, such as speeds and travel times, which are basic components of Advanced Traveler Information Systems (ATIS). Models with static parameters are often unable to respond to varying traffic conditions and simulate effectively the corresponding driving behavior. It has therefore been widely accepted that the model parameters vary in multiple dimensions, including across individual drivers, but also spatially across the network and temporally. While typically on-line, predictive models are macroscopic or mesoscopic, due to computational and data considerations, nowadays microscopic models are becoming increasingly practical for dynamic applications. In this research, we develop a methodology for online calibration of microscopic traffic simulation models for dynamic multi-step prediction of traffic measures, and apply it to car-following models, one of the key models in microscopic traffic simulation models. The methodology is illustrated using real trajectory data available from an experiment conducted in Naples, using a well-established car-following model. The performance of the application with the dynamic model parameters consistently outperforms the corresponding static calibrated model in all cases, and leads to less than 10% error in speed prediction even for ten steps into the future, in all considered data-sets.     

Exploration of day-to-day route choice models by a virtual experiment

This paper examines existing day-to-day models based on a virtual day-to-day route choice experiment using the latest mobile Internet technologies. With the realized day-to-day path flows and path travel times in the experiment, we calibrate several well-designed path-based day-to-day models that take the Wardrop’s user equilibrium as (part of) their stationary states. The nonlinear effects of path flows and path time differences on path switching are then investigated. Participants’ path preferences, time-varying sensitivity, and learning behavior in the day-to-day process are also examined. The prediction power of various models with various settings (nonlinear effects, time-varying sensitivity, and learning) is compared. The assumption of “rational behavior adjustment process” in Yang and Zhang (2009) is further verified. Finally, evolutions of different Lyapunov functions used in the literature are plotted, and no obvious diversity is observed.     

无缝线路钢轨温度力测试的位移法

研究无缝线路上钢轨在温度发生变化时轴向温度力的一种有效检测手段,提出了新的测试方法,即位移法。通过建立无缝线路轨道力学模型分析温度力变化时侧向力及其作用位移的变化规律,并结合标定试验对上述规律进行了参数修正,最终实现对钢轨轴向温度力的精确测试。该技术在实践应用中取得良好效果。     

基于道路标线的交通事故现场摄影测量研究

论述了基于普通相机的交通事故现场测量技术基本理论,提出了一种利用道路标线作为标定参考物的新的标定方法,在小波多尺度边缘检测基础上,利用Harris角点提取对图像进行分析处理,对影响摄影测量精度的有关参数进行了简要描述,对一个实际事故现场的部分数据进行了分析,验证了设计的算法。     

Online calibration of an integrated framework for information‐based evacuation operations

This study seeks to online calibrate the parameters of aggregate evacuee behavior models used in a behavior‐consistent information‐based control module for determining information strategies for real‐time evacuation operations. It enables the deployment of an operational framework for mass evacuation that integrates three aspects underlying an evacuation operation: demand (evacuee behavior), supply (network management), and disaster characteristics. To attain behavior‐consistency, the control module factors evacuees' likely responses to the disseminated information in determining information‐based control strategies. Hence, the ability of the behavior models to predict evacuees' likely responses is critical to the effectiveness of traffic routing by information strategies. The mixed logit structure is used for the aggregate behavior models to accommodate the behavioral heterogeneity across the population. An online calibration problem is proposed to calibrate the random parameters in the behavior models by using the least square estimator to minimize the gap between the predicted network flows and unfolding traffic dynamics. Background traffic, an important but rarely studied issue for modeling evacuation traffic, is also accounted for in the proposed problem. Numerical experiments are conducted to illustrate the importance of the calibration problem for addressing the system consistency issues and integrating the demand, supply, and disaster characteristics for more efficient evacuation operations. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

基于机器视觉的船体双曲度板测量方法

如今船厂使用的船体双曲度板测量方法大多是传统的样板、样箱测量,这类方法对工人的技术水平要求较高,而且对于自动化加工的发展有不利影响,为了配合三维数控弯板机的自动化成形加工,本文实现了以双目视觉测量为基础的非接触式测量。在基于机器视觉的船体外板测量系统中,首先使用张正友标定法对摄像机进行标定,得到摄像机的内外参数,之后采用极线约束的方式完成了图像的立体匹配工作,根据标定和匹配结果,使用最小二乘法计算得到目标点的三维坐标。最后对数据进行分析,将测量结果与理论数值进行对比。基于机器视觉的船体外板测量系统操作简单,测量误差在允许范围内。