国有资本与产业选择

国有资本有必要在竞争性产业中存在,如果全部退出,不仅难以操作,而且也不利于国有经济主导作用的发挥。在国有资本从竞争性产业的退出方式上,要处理好三个方面的关系。     

城市交通供给侧结构性改革研究

城市交通供给侧结构性改革的实质是以改善交通供给为着眼点,通过资源配置方式的创新,提升交通资源配置的效率和效益。基于城市交通供给的服务产品社会经济属性分析,认为当前中国城市交通供给模式存在供给决策缺乏科学依据和法制约束、供给策略失当、发展理念错位、服务供给与市场需求脱节、交通供给过分依赖资源驱动等问题。指出城市交通供给侧结构性改革应坚持合理性、有效性、科学性的衡量标准。提出城市交通供给侧结构性改革的战略目标、方向和当前改革的重点,包括调整交通供给模式、重组交通体系结构、优化交通供给策略等。     

新时期城市轨道交通发展的思考

我国城市轨道交通已进入了快速发展时期,但在轨道交通的规划建设中,还存在着一系列需要认真研究的问题,诸如轨道交通在城市中的定位及其与城市的相互作用关系,轨道交通的经济属性,建设、运营和投融资体制以及法制和标准化建设等。明确轨道交通在城市中的定位,理顺其与城市间的相互作用关系,正确认识轨道交通的经济属性,建立适应轨道交通发展的建设、运营和投融资体制,完善法律法规体系和标准化工作,是保障我国城市轨道交通健康发展的基础。     

民间资本进入甘肃交通基础设施建设领域的问题研究

本文分析了民间资本投入甘肃交通基础设施建设的必要性,剖析引起民间资本投资交通建设力度不足的原因,结合国内外先进做法,提出甘肃交通建设要吸引民间资本,应放宽体制限制、加大财政支持力度、拓宽融资途径等对策建议。     

云南小额信贷贷款额度与利率抽样调查研究

小额信贷作为一种新兴扶贫方式在世界部分地区取得了良好的效果。笔者作为2005年联合国全球微型创业奖的学生志愿者,对云南地区的小额信贷进行实地考察。本文将实地考察的结果与数理分析相结合,验证了云南地区小额信贷贷款额度不足和小额信贷实际利率偏高的事实。小额信贷机构降低资金风险的意图和对入户到村的成本收益的权衡,导致了贷款额度的不足;农村金融市场资金供不应求的现实和小额信贷机构的财务可持续发展目标导致了实际利率偏高的状况。本文认为中国小额信贷要发展,最紧迫的任务是要为其创造一个宽松的政策环境。     

The spatial productivity of transportation infrastructure

Transportation infrastructure services may cause an impact on the economy of the region in which they are located and, additionally, they are likely to have an impact on other regions. This effect has been labeled the spillover effect. In this study, the existence of direct and spillover effects of road, railway, airport and seaport infrastructure projects is tested by estimating a production function. Together with this primary objective, two common concerns in the literature are addressed: the lack of theoretical foundations for spatial econometrics models and the likely endogenous relationship between transport infrastructure and economic development. The estimated production function takes the form of a Spatial Durbin Model and is estimated using panel data from the 47 peninsular Spanish provinces by alternatively applying a Maximum Likelihood estimator and Instrumental Variables/Generalized Method of Moments estimators. According to the estimates, road transport infrastructure positively affects the output of the region in which the infrastructure is located and its neighboring provinces, while the remaining modes of transportation projects cause no significant impacts on average.     

政府对城市公共交通企业的补贴研究

城市公交特有的公益性必然会使公交企业产生一定亏损：为此,国家及地方政府给予了相应补贴,但补贴方式和补贴额度历来是困扰地方政府的一大难题。为解决这一难题,本文在现有研究的基础上,分析了城市公交亏损的原因,提出了政府的补贴不仅要考虑政策性亏损,还应考虑企业的合理利润、企业绩效、企业的专项补贴、已发放或隐形补贴等因素。并给出了各要素的具体核算方法。本文的研究对政府实施具体的补贴有一定的借鉴作用．     

Public service obligations for air transport in the United States and Europe: Connectivity effects and value for money

Public service obligations (PSOs) are used by governments in many countries, including the United States and 11 countries in Europe, to mandate a minimum level of commercial air transportation service, especially for small or rural communities. This paper analyzes PSOs in these 12 countries for the year 2010 using the recently proposed Global Connectivity Index to measure direct and indirect market access and a novel subsidy database covering 90% of PSO movements in these countries to assess value-for-money.We show that PSO services represent about 2.5% of all commercial movements in the 12 countries analyzed, generating about 1% of these countries’ total air transport connectivity. Over all routes for which data was available, approximately USD$ 900 million was earmarked for PSO and air service discount provision in 2010, with average subsidies per movement ranging from about $700 to $3500. PSO market access and efficiency outcomes vary across the countries analyzed. Some countries, such as Germany and the United States, focus on providing network access for smaller communities, thereby creating not only point-to-point, but also onward connectivity, while others such as Norway, Sweden, and Ireland, predominantly aim at providing “lifeline services” that connect remote regions to a nearby economic center without providing onward connections.     

人力资本会计核算的浅探

针对我国会计核算的现状,指出了其存在的不足和改革传统的会计核算模式及建立人力资本会计体系的重要性和可行性.     

探索人力资本理念下的企业薪酬结构--宽带薪酬

随着全球化市场经济与知识经济的不断发展,人力资本对获取企业竞争优势的作用日益突显。本文通过分析企业知识、技能型员工的特点,阐述了实施宽带薪酬的意义并倡导结合企业实际实施宽带薪酬,使宽带薪酬真正成为企业实现腾飞的驱动力。