Development of a Human Use Objectives Framework for Integrated Management of the Eastern Scotian Shelf

Under the 1997 Oceans Act, Fisheries and Oceans Canada (DFO) is required to lead and facilitate the development of integrated management plans for Canada's oceans. One of the integrated management projects is the Eastern Scotian Shelf Integrated Management Initiative (ESSIM), through which DFO is working with a range of stakeholders to develop and implement an integrated ocean management plan for the eastern Scotian Shelf. As part of this Initiative, DFO has undertaken a program to develop a set of objectives and related indicators for ocean management. This includes the development of a framework, objectives, and indicators for human use of the resource including the social, economic, and institutional (governance) components of ocean management, areas that have received little attention internationally. This article provides some background to ESSIM and human uses of the resources of the eastern Scotian Shelf; briefly reviews objectives-based management and human use objectives internationally; outlines the process undertaken to develop the Human Use Objectives Framework; presents the resultant objectives and indicators that were developed; and highlights some of the lessons learned and challenges for their implementation.     

A Review of Beach Bye-Law Usage in Supporting Coastal Management in Ireland

Coastal areas are commonly the focus of a range of human activities and uses. Beaches are one example of multi-use coastal environments, accommodating activities linked to leisure and recreation, amenity, conservation and business, often simultaneously. Ireland is no different in this regard, as its beach resources provide a range of goods and services of societal value. Ireland has 16 coastal counties and their associated local authorities have a beach management remit, a role that can present a number of challenges. The use of beach bye-laws is one option to support management of beach environments by local authorities. Local authority personnel tasked with beach management from each coastal local authority were surveyed to assess the actual and potential role of beach bye-laws in contributing to more effective management of beach environments and to broader coastal management. Usage of beach bye-laws varied across local authority areas and evidence suggested that the efficacy, use, and implementation of beach bye-laws differed from county to county. Beach bye-laws offer potential but interaction with other initiatives as part of a wider program for coastal management may yield improved results.     

地铁车体改造结构强度及模态分析

以北京复八线地铁加装空调后的车体结构为研究对象,利用有限元分析软件ANSYS对车体结构进行有限元分析,对其进行静强度计算和模态分析。结果表明,加装空调后的车体结构能够满足强度和刚度的相关标准。     

双强度折减法在平面滑动岩质边坡中的应用

主要研究均质边坡岩体在抗剪不足的情况下的平面滑动状态和规律。通过假定破坏面与内摩擦角之间的关系,来近似求解安全系数。考虑到双强度极限平衡条件,采用不同的折减方式和折减系数,并且与有限元强度折减对比分析,阐明边坡破坏各物理量之间的联系,然后找出确定双强度折减系数的主要参考依据,从而为该领域的进一步研究提供参考性意见。     

基于多源数据的无锡轨道交通客流特征分析

无锡轨道交通线网已经初步形成,但整体线网负荷强度偏低。为提高轨道交通规划管理水平,有必要对轨道交通客流特征进行研究。基于居民出行调查、地铁乘客出行特征调查、轨道交通 AFC 数据等多源数据,分析无锡市轨道交通客流特征、轨道交通与土地利用的协调关系、轨道交通与其他交通方式一体化水平等,并与上海、广州、深圳、成都等城市进行对比分析。结果表明,轨道交通线网的平均乘距为 8.4 km,可较好地服务于核心区与外围组团间的中长距离出行;沿线开发强度、居住和岗位覆盖率偏低,影响轨道可服务人群数量;与常规公交等交通方式衔接不足,降低轨道交通快速出行竞争优势。研究建议无锡市应重点加强轨道交通与城市空间的耦合,提高沿线开发强度,协调轨道交通与其他交通方式的衔接,充分发挥轨道交通效能。     

隧道光导照明技术试验研究

光导照明技术应用于隧道照明目前是国际研究前沿。对长江路隧道应用光导照明技术可行性进行现场实验研究。实验分3个阶段,对不同天气情况下,不同时段的室内外路面照度值、地面总均匀度、车道纵向均匀度和室内外照度比值等进行了大量的跟踪测试,并对两家厂家产品的性能作了对比,最终证明了长江路光导照明系统设计方案和光导照明技术应用于隧道照明的可行性。     

Exploiting floating car data for time-dependent Origin–Destination matrices estimation

The study evaluates the added value generated by estimating dynamic demand matrices by information gathered from Floating Car Data (FCD).

Firstly, adopting a large dataset of FCD collected in Rome, Italy, during May 2010, all the monitored trips on a specific district of the city (Eur district) have been collected and analysed in terms of (i) spatial and temporal distribution; (ii) actual route choices and travel times. The data analysis showed that demand data from FCD are usually not suitable to retrieve directly demand matrices, due to a strong dependence of this information from the penetration rate of the monitoring device. Instead, origin–destination travel times and route choice probabilities from FCD are a much more reliable and powerful information with respect to FCD origin–destination flows, since they represent the traffic conditions and behaviors that vehicles experiment along the path.

Thus, several synthetic experiments have been conducted adopting both travel times and route choice probabilities as additional information, with respect to standard link measurements, in the dynamic demand estimation problem. Results demonstrated the strength and robustness associated to these network based data, while link measurements alone are not able to define the real traffic pattern. Adopting both the information of origin–destination travel times and route choice probabilities during the demand estimation process, the spatial and temporal reliability of the estimated demand matrices consistently increases.     

海洋工程低噪音空调通风系统设计分析

分析海洋工程生活模块空调通风系统噪声的产生及传播方式,并通过对噪声传播的计算公式及经验图表加以分析,总结出低噪声空调通风系统在设计阶段应注意考虑的设计因素及布置方法,为低噪音空调通风系统设计提供参考。     

轿车车门安装件的力学性能分析

国内在轿车车门的设计过程中出现很多问题,尤其是车门铰链、车门安装点等安装件的性能,大大影响了车门的机械性能、声品质。分析车门安装件的性能、提高其力学性能是主机厂十分关注的问题。本文阐述了车门安装件的结构及其性能要求,然后应用计算机辅助分析对车门铰链、车门安装点进行了力学分析。本文的研究方法对于车门安装件的力学分析有参考作用。     

大车后下部防护装置的设计与仿真验证

为了有效阻挡小车下钻到大车尾部,设计了一款由支撑横杆、主副支架、阻挡梁构成的大车后下部防护装置,通过主副支架在支撑横杆上的缠绕变形吸收碰撞能量。主副支架均斜向后安装,提供一定的纵向支撑力,增加装置整体强度,同时也增加了碰撞接触时间和可变形距离,形成更有效的缓冲。主副支架为最主要强度部件,在LS-DYNA中对其独立加载分析,确定抗变形能力最强的结构形式。在进行的壁障碰撞仿真中,壁障最大减加速度为20 g(g为重力加速度,下同),回弹最大速度为0.9 m·s-1,最大纵向位移为369 mm,各项评价指标均满足GB 11567.2-2001[1]的要求。