山区高速公路设计与环境保护问题的探讨

通过分析山区高速公路的特点,针对路线、路基及构造物分别进行探讨,重点介绍山区高速公路设计的原则、方案思路及环境保护措施,并提出山区高速公路设计中应注意的主要问题是合理利用地形,保护生态环境等,这对于山区高速公路的设计与环保问题的解决具有重要意义。     

山区公路边坡坡顶截水沟的设计与分析

坡顶截水沟设计不合理对公路边坡的稳定性影响较大,是引发公路边坡灾害的一个重要原因。通过对陕西山区公路边坡坡顶截水沟的调查、分析和研究,归纳总结坡顶截水沟的设置条件、设置位置、断面型式以及水文水力计算方法．并。针对目前截水沟修建材料的缺陷提出相应的改善措施,可为山区公路边坡坡顶截水沟的设计提供参考。     

青藏铁路山丘坡地取土场生态恢复措施探讨

青藏铁路主体工程完工后,取土场的生态环境恢复是全线环保恢复工作的重要组成部分,恢复的目的是通过对取土场的综合治理,达到防止水土流失、防止冻融滑塌,同周围景观协调统一,并进一步达到复垦还林还草要求。本文针对青藏高原冻土地区山丘坡地取土场植被稀疏、生态脆弱的特点,进行了以工程措施为主、生物措施为辅的研究尝试,取土场恢复试验结果表明,从景观恢复、水土保持和防止冻土区的融陷、滑塌现象均取得了明显的效果。     

铁路路基挡土墙病害防治技术研究

本文结合现场工程实例 ,简要分析了引起铁路路基挡土墙下沉、开裂、倾倒等病害的几种原因 ,提出了防治路基挡土墙病害对策 ,对路基挡土墙的勘察、设计、施工以及运营管理具有一定的借鉴意义     

谈日本汽车工业发展经验

本文从四个方面对日本发展汽车工业的经验进行了总结,它们是保护与扶持政策,合理的产生组织结构,大力扶植汽车零部件工业,建立有自己特色的产品开发体制和生产体制。     

IGBT逆变器短路保护试验与分析

电力半导体器件故障电流（特别是短路电流）的确认与及时有效保护，对电力机车交流装置的可靠工作 至关重要，介绍了为8K型电力机车车开发的IGBT逆变器的短路电流检测和保护方案，给出了试验结果，分析了试验波形的浪涌和振荡现象。     

不同冲击角度对两轮车骑行者保护试验区域伤害的研究

对交通事故数据的研究表明,两轮车骑行人也面临很高的受伤风险,各新车评价规程也开始对骑行人保护做出要求。根据中国保险汽车安全指数2023版规程的变化,通过选取符合要求的部分车型开展对比试验,分析在不同撞击角度下的头型伤害差异。试验结果表明,在撞击角度为45°时的伤害值大于撞击角度65°时的伤害值。     

汽车正面碰撞后排小体位假人伤害研究及优化

提出了一种相应的伤害优化方案,基于 C-NACP正面碰撞工况搭建碰撞分析模型,同时通过与正面 100% 重叠刚性壁障碰撞试验的 Hybrid Ⅱ 5th女性假人试验数据进行对比来验证模型的可靠性。基于对标结果进行优化设计,对比分析不同优化方案对乘员安全性的影响趋势。确定优化方案,即增加碰撞锁止锁舌、线性预紧器配置,增加座椅刚度,调整安全带限力值。与原始方案相比,在碰撞过程中后排女性假人总体得分提升84%。根据C-NCAP星级评定规程,此后排女性假人得分高于94%,成绩优秀,验证了方案的有效性,可为后排小体位假人伤害的优化研究提供参考。     

Pedestrian detection for traffic safety based on Accumulate Binary Haar features and improved deep belief network algorithm

ABSTRACT

In order to improve traffic safety and protect pedestrians, an improved and efficient pedestrian detection method for auto driver assistance systems is proposed. Firstly, an improved Accumulate Binary Haar (ABH) feature extraction algorithm is proposed. In this novel feature, Haar features keep only the ordinal relationship named by binary Haar features. Then, the feature brings in the idea of a Local Binary Pattern (LBP), assembling several neighboring binary Haar features to improve discriminating power and reduce the effect of illumination. Next, a pedestrian classification method based on an improved deep belief network (DBN) classification algorithm is proposed. An improved method of input is constructed using a Restricted Bolzmann Machine (RBM) with T distribution function visible layer nodes, which can convert information on pedestrian features to a Bernoulli distribution, and the Bernoulli distribution can then be used for recognition. In addition, a middle layer of the RBM structure is created, which achieves data transfer between the hidden layer structure and keeps the key information. Finally, the cost-sensitive Support Vector Machine (SVM) classifier is used for the output of the classifier, which could address the class-imbalance problem. Extensive experiments show that the improved DBN pedestrian detection method is better than other shallow classic algorithms, and the proposed method is effective and sufficiently feasible for pedestrian detection in complex urban environments.     

Protection of Critical Waterborne Transport Infrastructures: An Economic Review

It is essential that transport infrastructures are protected against events which cause their failure. At an optimal level of protection, the sum of protection costs and expected residual damages following from disruptions will be minimized. In most cases however, this optimal level is not achieved because infrastructure protection is susceptible to various market and government failures. This brings us to the question who (a private or public actor) should do how much (the level of protection and intervention). This question is addressed in the present paper.

The starting point of the paper is the Directive of the European Council on the identification and designation of European Critical Infrastructures. We review the protection of critical waterborne transport infrastructures from an economic perspective. The review is based on a literature study and several interviews with Critical Infrastructure experts. For the studied infrastructures, we have identified causes and effects of their failure and examined the private–public roles in protecting them. Considering the market and government failures which occur in such configuration of roles, we propose several changes. We conclude that from a national policy perspective there are two important routes: (1) reinforcement of private sector roles among others by defining liabilities and providing information on risks and (2) strengthening of supra-national collaboration via improving and standardizing regulations, cost-sharing initiatives and penalty systems.