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The effect of the London congestion charge on road casualties: an intervention analysis 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
The introduction of the congestion charge in central London on the 17th of February, 2003, led to a reduction in congestion.
One factor that has not been fully analysed is the impact of the congestion charge on traffic casualties in London. Less car
travel within the charging zone may result in fewer traffic collisions, however, as the number of pedestrians, cyclists, and
motorcyclists increased after the introduction of the congestion charge, the number of traffic casualties associated with
these groups may also have increased. Reductions in congestion can also lead to faster speeds. Therefore, there could be increases
in injury severity for those crashes that do occur. An intervention analysis was conducted to investigate the effect of the
congestion charge on traffic casualties for motorists, pedestrians, cyclists, and motorcyclists, both within the charging
zone and in areas of London outside the zone. This was done for killed and serious injuries (known as KSI in British terminology)
and for slight injuries to examine whether there were any shifts in severity outcomes. Our results suggest no statistically
significant effect for total casualties in London, but within the charging zone there has been a statistically significant
drop in motorist casualties, and possibly an increase in cyclist casualties. There is an associated effect of an increase
in casualties of motorcyclists and cyclists in some areas outside the charging zone, suggesting that changes in the design
of the congestion charge may be needed to achieve reductions in casualties.
Dr. Robert B. Noland is Reader in Transport and Environmental Policy at the Centre for Transport Studies at Imperial College London. He received his PhD at the University of Pennsylvania in Energy Management and Environmental Policy and previously was a Policy Analyst at the US Environmental Protection Agency. Dr. Mohammed A Quddus is a Lecturer in Transport Studies at Loughborough University. Prior to this he was a Research Assistant at Imperial College London where he obtained his PhD in 2006. His main research interests are in road transport safety, geographic information science and its application to transport planning. Dr. Washington Y. Ochieng is the Reader in Geomatics and Transport Telematics at Imperial College London. He is the Director of the Engineering Geomatics group that carries out research in ATM-ATC, positioning and navigation, and transport telematics. Dr. Ochieng holds BSc (Eng), MSc and PhD degrees in space geodesy. 相似文献
Mohammed A. QuddusEmail: |
Dr. Robert B. Noland is Reader in Transport and Environmental Policy at the Centre for Transport Studies at Imperial College London. He received his PhD at the University of Pennsylvania in Energy Management and Environmental Policy and previously was a Policy Analyst at the US Environmental Protection Agency. Dr. Mohammed A Quddus is a Lecturer in Transport Studies at Loughborough University. Prior to this he was a Research Assistant at Imperial College London where he obtained his PhD in 2006. His main research interests are in road transport safety, geographic information science and its application to transport planning. Dr. Washington Y. Ochieng is the Reader in Geomatics and Transport Telematics at Imperial College London. He is the Director of the Engineering Geomatics group that carries out research in ATM-ATC, positioning and navigation, and transport telematics. Dr. Ochieng holds BSc (Eng), MSc and PhD degrees in space geodesy. 相似文献
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物流设施外迁导致配送活动负外部性增加,损害了公众福利. 本文应用演化博弈论对政府运用经济政策干预城市配送中心布局问题进行了研究,建立了政府和配送企业的静态演化博弈模型,并在模型中考虑了消费者绿色偏好,分析了政府和配送企业的相互作用机理. 此外,还建立了动态税收演化博弈模型,探究动态税收机制下博弈系统演化方向. 通过仿真计算,对比了静态和动态干预机制的优劣;并对税收和消费者绿色偏好系数做了灵敏度分析. 研究结果表明,静态机制下演化博弈系统无法达到渐进稳定状态,动态税收机制下系统能够达到渐进稳定状态,而且税收水平和消费者绿色偏好水平对配送企业抉择有显著影响. 相似文献
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介绍了超级电容客车的特点、结构、基本原理和超级电容公交客运系统线路选择、设计原则,论述了快速充电候车站的设置及超级电容公交运输系统的运行效果。 相似文献
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基于VRP模型的两阶段物流网络路径优化模型 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
以基于VRP模型的两阶段三层次物流网络路径优化问题为研究对象,利用启发式算法中的分解法将问题分为选择物流中心与配送路径优化两个子问题,并与数理规划软件LINGO 8.0相结合给出了基于VRP模型的MSDL-RP问题——多供应商、多配送中心选址与路径优化问题的求解模型。利用所提出的模型可以求出商品从多供应商经过多物流中心到最终客户这一过程中能使费用最小的供应商的最佳位置与数量、物流中心的最佳位置与数量及从物流中心到客户的最佳配送路径,并通过实例进行了验证。对于小规模问题,运用所提出的方法能在很短的时间内求出问题的最优解,具有一定的实用价值。 相似文献
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海绵城市在我国是一种新型的城市建设理念,主要解决城市径流雨水“质”和“量”的问题。芜湖市作为全国第二批系统化全域推进海绵城市建设示范城市,在城市建设项目中均要求落实海绵城市理念。以芜湖市3条不同类型城市道路为研究对象,根据海绵城市建设条件,从雨水径流污染及径流总量控制两方面着手,通过道路横断面坡向优化,并提出环保雨水口、透水铺装、盖板排水沟、生态树池(带)及生物滞留设施等渗透、滞蓄和净化雨水的技术优化措施,实现道路年径流污染控制率及年径流总量控制率等目标,能有效减少雨水径流污染问题以及缓解城市排水压力,可为相关城市道路海绵城市建设提供参考和借鉴。 相似文献