Factors driving public support for road congestion reduction policies: Congestion charging,free public transport and more roads in Stockholm,Helsinki and Lyon

Based on an across-the-board survey conducted among residents of Stockholm, Helsinki and Lyon, we explore the opinions on three policy measures to combat road congestion: congestion charging, free public transport and building more roads. The support for the two latter policies is substantially higher than the support for congestion charging, which is only supported by a majority in Stockholm. Self-interest is important for the formation of the opinion to all three policies. However, fundamental values and general political views, indicated by four attitudinal factors, are even more important in forming opinions towards the three transport policies. Of all attitudinal factors, the one indicating environmental concern most influences the support for all policies. Equity concerns, however, increase the support for free public transport and opposition to taxation increases the support for building more roads.Our results further suggest that the opinions towards free public transport and building more roads can be mapped along the left–right political axis, where Environment and Equity are to the left and Pricing and Taxation are to the right. However, the opinion towards congestion charging cuts right through the political spectrum. The impact of the fundamental values and self-interest variables are similar for Stockholm and Helsinki, indicating that even if experience increases the overall support for charging, it does not change the relative strength of different political arguments to any major extent.     

A geometry-based algorithm to provide guidance for electric vehicle charging

Electric vehicles (EVs) have been regarded as effective options for solving the environmental and energy problems in the field of transportation. However, given the limited driving range and insufficient charging stations, searching and selecting charging stations is an important issue for EV drivers during trips. A smart charging service should be developed to help address the charging issue of EV drivers, and a practical algorithm for charging guidance is required to realise it. This study aims to design a geometry-based algorithm for charging guidance that can be effectively applied in the smart charging service. Geographic research findings and geometric approaches are applied to design the algorithm. The algorithm is practical because it is based on the information from drivers’ charging requests, and its total number of calculations is significantly less than that of the conventional shortest-first algorithm. The algorithm is effective because it considers the consistency of direction trend between the charging route and the destination in addition to the travel distance, which conforms to the travel demands of EV drivers. Moreover, simulation examples are presented to demonstrate the proposed algorithm. Results of the proposed algorithm are compared with those of the other two algorithms, which show that the proposed algorithm can obtain a better selection of charging stations for EV drivers from the perspective of entire travel chains and take a shorter computational time.     

Infrastructure planning for fast charging stations in a competitive market

Most existing studies on EV charging infrastructure planning take a central planner’s perspective, by assuming that investment decision on charging facilities can be controlled by a single decision entity. In this paper, we establish modeling and computational methods to support business-driven EV charging infrastructure investment planning problem, where the infrastructure system is shaped by collective actions of multiple decision entities who do not necessarily coordinate with each other. A network-based multi-agent optimization modeling framework is developed to simultaneously capture the selfish behaviors of individual investors and travelers and their interactions over a network structure. To overcome computational difficulty imposed by non-convexity of the problem, we rely on recent theoretical development on variational convergence of bivariate functions to design a solution algorithm with analysis on its convergence properties. Numerical experiments are implemented to study the performance of proposed method and draw practical insights.     

基于改进灰聚类模型的轨道站点设施匹配度评价

在大量实地调查的基础上,将站台、楼梯、换乘通道、闸机、安检作为关键设施;基于行人仿真技术,分析上述设施的客流密度变化特性,明确各类设施负荷度等级评定标准;最后,以客流密度为指标,构建可合理反映轨道换乘站设施匹配程度的灰聚类模型通过对北京市5个典型站点进行灰聚类模型的评价应用,证明该模型能够客观反映站点设施之间的匹配程度.     

大型公共设施产生的自行车交通影响分析

根据自行车使用特征和自行车使用者的心理,从静态和动态两个方面出发对大量自行车停车、行车时对附近路段与交叉口的机动车和行人交通产生的影响及其原因进行了详细的分析,并提出了解决问题的可行措施。     

城市道路内汽车停车泊位设置的关键问题研究

路内停车是缓解城市停车问题的重要手段之一,路内停车泊位的规划、设置与管理,对城市交通状况乃至城市的发展都有重要的影响。结合《江苏省城市道路内汽车停车泊位设置标准》的编制过程,对路内停车泊位功能定位进行了深入研究,对供给策略、收费标准、停放周转率等对路内停车泊位的设置至关重要的指导原则和控制指标进行了逻辑推理和定量估算,并在此基础上提出了路内停车泊位规划、建设、管理和评价一体化、周期化和制度化的建议。并建议我国现阶段的路内停车应定位于全社会停车设施的有效补充。     

汽车双回路制动系统布置形式研究

针对汽车双回路制动系管路II式、X式、HI式、LL式、HH式等5种布置形式，分析了对汽车制动效能及制动时方向稳定性的影响。基于已建立的汽车质心位置与汽车制动效能关系的数学模型，根据《机动车运行安全技术条件》（GB7258-2004）对制动系的规定，得出了中型和重型等后重商用汽车以及质心偏前的乘用车和轻型汽车等车辆所适宜的制动系管路布置形式。     

锦州机务段DAF污水处理器的性能及效果分析

锦州机务段利用世界银行贷款引进美国DAF污水处理器。该设备具有技术先进，结构紧凑，污染物去除率高，故障少，耐腐蚀，能耗低等特点。经运行，该段实现了污水低质回用和达标排放，为我国污水处理设计提供了新思路。     

关于铁路工程定额管理的几点看法

随着铁路建设改革的不断深入，工程造价管理工作得到稳步发展，但同时存在对合理确定工程造价的理解和认识不统一的问题。笔者针对目前的分歧提出自己的见解，阐述应当把握的几个关系。