基于LQR控制的现代客车自适应空气悬架

长期在不良工况的道路上驾驶会降低驾驶员的乘坐舒适性。随着人们对乘坐舒适性需求不断提升,空气弹簧的优势尤为明显。文章提出了一种基于LQR控制策略的自适应空气悬架系统的创新设计方案,提出的LQR控制器采用粒子群算法进行优化。以客车空气悬架为研究对象,采用MATLAB软件对空气悬架系统的被动和自适应动力学模型进行了设计和仿真。仿真结果表明,自适应空气悬架系统在保证车辆稳定性的同时,降低了车辆在随机道路上的最大位移幅值,从而提高了车辆的平顺性。     

采用车厢底部出风的变频热泵空调在低温地区大巴车辆上的应用研究

纯电动大巴空调冬季制热是目前行业普遍关注的焦点问题,受大巴空调厂家技术影响,大部分电动空调热泵制热在环境温度0℃左右将无法启动,所以目前行业冬季制暖主要采用燃油炉或PTC加热方式。燃油炉与PTC加热能耗高,严重影响整车续航里程。热泵大巴空调可实现-15℃正常热泵制热,补气增焓技术可实现-25℃正常热泵制热。另外,在冬季制热时,暖风从上部的风道往下吹,大部分热风下不去,造成了车厢上部温度高,脚部温度过低,非常影响舒适性。通过从上部风口引一些风道到脚部的方式,提高车厢底部的热风循环,提高车厢热泵制热的舒适性,从而验证了大巴车厢底部出风对热泵空调制热效果的影响。综合上述,对热泵空调在低温地区冬季热泵制热效果及节能效果进行对比测试,通过对比热泵空调和电加热器的温升速率、耗电量和舒适性等参数,可得知热泵空调升温速度快、温控精度高、耗电量少,变频热泵空调更舒适、更节能。     

SUV汽车歇脚板人机舒适性研究

针对SUV车型的人体坐姿H30(座椅设计位置R点与踵点Z向高度差[1])普遍偏高,歇脚板的布置对驾驶员左脚的舒适性影响较大,从人体舒适性的角度出发,依据人体理论模型与关节舒适经验范围,理论分析得到歇脚板布置位置的舒适范围,并经过Ramsis软件分析验证,人机平台主观评价验证等方法得到理论分析结论的正确性,分析结果对车辆布置中歇脚板的位置布置有一定指导意义。     

Influence of tyre–road contact model on vehicle vibration response

The influence of the tyre–road contact model on the simulated vertical vibration response was analysed. Three contact models were compared: tyre–road point contact model, moving averaged profile and tyre-enveloping model. In total, 1600 real asphalt concrete and Portland cement concrete longitudinal road profiles were processed. The linear planar model of automobile with 12 degrees of freedom (DOF) was used. Five vibration responses as the measures of ride comfort, ride safety and dynamic load of cargo were investigated. The results were calculated as a function of vibration response, vehicle velocity, road quality and road surface type. The marked differences in the dynamic tyre forces and the negligible differences in the ride comfort quantities were observed among the tyre–road contact models. The seat acceleration response for three contact models and 331 DOF multibody model of the truck semi-trailer was compared with the measured response for a known profile of test section.     

基于舒适性和轮胎动载的车辆悬架参数优化

为了改善汽车行驶的舒适性并减小轮胎对路面的动载，以某载货汽车为研究对象，建立了多目标优化模型，并采用统一目标函数法对车辆悬架参数进行优化。优化结果表明：优化后悬架刚度减小而阻尼增大，且前悬架参数变化较小，后悬架参数变化较大；相比于优化前，车身垂直方向加速度均方根值减小了20％，前轮动栽均方根值减小了40％，后轮变化更显著，减小了49％；采用多目标优化设计方法不仅可提高车辆自身的舒适性，而且可减小轮胎对路面的动载。     

Maximum acceptable gap between urban-guided transport vehicles and platforms for persons with disabilities: the findings of an experimental study conducted to inform policy decisions

The French ministry responsible for transport has commissioned a study aimed at providing data to determine the maximum gap size between vehicle and platform for guided transport vehicles, which would become a legal requirement. Specific experimental conditions were created, with a physical mock-up simulating a tramway and a platform and providing several gap configurations (between 20 and 50?mm for the horizontal gap and between 20 and 75?mm for the vertical step), and an experimental design based on the negotiation of gaps by wheelchairs users (mainly manual or electric powered). The experiment was conducted with 46 participants with different functional abilities. Data were collected on performance and gap negotiation time. The results of this study indicate that despite the failures observed for the 50?×?50?mm gap size during the experiment, most wheelchair users who took part in the test have successfully negotiated this gap.     

高舒适度客车的卫生学要求

介绍了俄罗斯对一些舒适性要求较高的客车在卫生方面的一些具体要求及所颁布的相应标准和文件或条例,进一步提高了客车在卫生方面的舒适性和防病、防疫的安全性。     

轨道不平顺激励下高速铁路桥上列车走行性研究

用车桥耦合动力学的理论,对长波不平顺和短波不平顺激励下桥上列车的走行性进行了研究。着重研究了横向不平顺激励下列车的轮轨力、脱轨系数和横向加速度的变化规律。并以列车的安全性和旅客的舒适性为标准,得出短波不平顺主要影响列车运行安全性,而长波不平顺主要影响列车运行舒适性的结论。     

热带沙漠气候环境汽车空调系统的开发

阐述热带沙漠气候环境下汽车空调制冷性能的研究,对热带沙漠气候环境下整车空调系统的舒适性温度指标进行分析探讨;并以某车型出口迪拜的空调系统改进性开发为实例,从系统架构、性能指标、部件布置和试验验证等方面行介绍。     

采用电磁直线电机的主动悬架控制系统的设计与能量分析

针对因特殊的动力布置形式导致的轮边驱动电动汽车操稳性和平顺性之间冲突,本文中提出了一种新式电磁直线电机式悬架系统的主动控制系统。考虑到其能量回收性能不佳的弊端,基于LQR控制设计了一种包含能量管理单元的能量回收控制器,并在Matlab/Simulink中对整个系统进行了仿真。结果表明,所设计的能量回收控制器不仅能够改善汽车的操稳性和平顺性,而且能有效回收汽车悬架的振动能量。