轨下支承失效对车辆系统动态响应及乘坐舒适度的影响

建立了基于Timoshenko梁模型的非对称车辆/轨道耦合动力学模型,分析轨下支承失效对车辆乘坐舒适度的影响。钢轨被视为弹性离散点支承上的无限长Timoshenko梁,通过假设轨道系统垂向支承刚度沿纵向分布发生突变来模拟轨下支承失效状态。推导了考虑钢轨横向、垂向和扭转运动的轮轨滚动接触蠕滑率计算公式。利用Hertz法向接触理论和沈氏蠕滑理论分别计算轮轨法向力及轮轨滚动接触蠕滑力。采用移动轨下支承模型分析离散的轨枕支承对系统动力响应的影响。利用新型显式积分法求解车辆/轨道耦合动力学系统运动方程。乘坐舒适度评价采用Sperling指标,通过数值分析,得到直线轨道连续从0到6个轨下支承失效对车辆动态响应及乘坐舒适度的影响。结果表明,轨下支承失效对车辆系统位移、加速度有显著的影响,随着轨下支承失效个数的增加,轮轨力和车辆系统的位移、加速度将会急剧增大,乘坐质量和乘坐舒适度指标呈线性增大,但数值很小。     

改善铁道车辆的舒适性

通过在铁道车辆走行机构上利用反向质量换向和作用力定向能量输出，来改善铁道车辆舒适性。     

Active lateral secondary suspension with H ∞ control to improve ride comfort: simulations on a full-scale model

In this study, a full-scale rail vehicle model is used to investigate how lateral ride comfort is influenced by implementing the H _∞ and sky-hook damping control strategies. Simulations show that significant ride comfort improvements can be achieved on straight track with both control strategies compared with a passive system. In curves, it is beneficial to add a carbody centring Hold-Off Device (HOD) to reduce large spring deflections and hence to minimise the risk of bumpstop contact. In curve transitions, the relative lateral displacement between carbody and bogie is reduced by the concept of H _∞ control in combination with the HOD. However, the corresponding concept with sky-hook damping degrades the effect of the carbody centring function. Moreover, it is shown that lateral and yaw mode separation is a way to further improve the performance of the studied control strategies.     

基于加速度阻尼控制的半主动悬挂研究

半主动悬挂是改善铁道车辆振动、提高乘坐舒适度的有效对策。但由于铁道车辆的特殊性和复杂性,车辆动力学系统的精确数学模型很难获得,这限制了现代控制理论在实用化半主动悬挂中的应用;而天棚阻尼控制所需车体的绝对速度很难测量,若采用测得车体加速度积分得到车体绝对速度的方法,其传感器的误差和系统噪声会导致车体绝对速度产生误差,从而影响减振效果。基于上述原因,本文提出加速度阻尼控制方法,即采用与车体加速度成正比的振动衰减力来抑制车体振动,并对加速度阻尼控制方法稳定性进行理论分析和仿真研究。仿真结果证明:与被动悬挂相比,车体振动加速度有效值和最大值在各速度级分别减少了55%~63%和53%~66%,Sperling乘坐指数也得到明显改善;且加速度阻尼控制具有很好的鲁棒性和适应性。可见该方法能有效地提高铁道车辆的平稳性和乘坐舒适性。     

Investigating the influence of rail grinding on stability,vibration, and ride comfort of high-speed EMUs using multi-body dynamics modelling

ABSTRACT

High-speed electric multiple units (EMUs) have been popularised rapidly all around the world and have become a major transportation method. Increases in running velocity and wheel-rail deterioration lead to excessive vibration and reduced ride comfort, which are common issues encountered in the operation of high-speed EMUs. While built-in sensors on a car body are able to detect abnormal vibrations in the car body itself, they cannot effectively reflect the ride comfort of passengers. Wheel-rail profile matching can improve the wheel-rail interaction, and rail grinding has thus been introduced as a practical solution to alleviating the aforementioned problems. Nonetheless, the working mechanism of rail grinding has not been investigated theoretically. This study develops flexible car body and human body models based on the rigid-flexible coupled method to systematically study the effects of wheel-rail wear and rail grinding on passenger ride comfort. Case studies show that the proposed models can predict the ride comfort of passengers accurately. It is also demonstrated that rail grinding can significantly alleviate excessive vibration and improve passenger ride comfort in the long term. A long-term investigation reveals that rail grinding can improve the smoothness of the rail surface and reduce the damage to the rail.     

A novel neuro-fuzzy controller to enhance the performance of vehicle semi-active suspension systems

This paper proposes a neuro-fuzzy (NF) strategy to implement semi-active suspension in passenger vehicles. The proposed method is composed of two parts: a NF controller (NFC), to establish an efficient controller strategy to improve ride comfort and road handling (RCH), and an inverse mapping to estimate the semi-active suspension current. To effectively estimate the current needed to control the semi-active damper, an inverse mapping based on neural network, modified back-propagation (MBP) is presented. The inverse mapping is incorporated into the FC to enhance RCH. Given the relative velocity between the mass and the base and also the absolute acceleration of the mass, the FC computes the optimum damping coefficient. The fuzzy logic rules are extracted based on expert knowledge encapsulated in skyhook and groundhook. A quarter-car model was adopted for the purpose of simulating and experimenting with the proposed NFC. To verify the performance of the FC, two sets of results are reported. First, an experimental analysis was performed to demonstrate the effectiveness of the FC in comparison with the benchmark skyhook and Rakheja–Sankar controllers. Furthermore, a random input was considered to examine the robustness of the NFC in comparison with the other adopted controllers. It was shown that the developed NFC control enhances the performance of the quarter-car system significantly, in terms of both ride comfort and handling characteristics. Second, four FCs with the same control strategies were implemented on a full-vehicle model to demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed control strategy in reducing the propensity to rollover. It was concluded that the developed FC enhances the RHC and also has the potential to increase the stability of vehicles.     

On the achievable performance using variable geometry active secondary suspension systems in commercial vehicles

There is a need to further improve driver comfort in commercial vehicles. The variable geometry active suspension offers an interesting option to achieve this in an energy efficient way. However, the optimal control strategy and the overal performance potential remains unclear. The aim of this paper is to quantify the level of performance improvement that can theoretically be obtained by replacing a conventional air sprung cabin suspension design with a variable geometry active suspension. Furthermore, the difference between the use of a linear quadratic (LQ) optimal controller and a classic skyhook controller is investigated. Hereto, an elementary variable geometry actuator model and experimentally validated four degrees of freedom quarter truck model are adopted. The results show that the classic skyhook controller gives a relatively poor performance while a comfort increase of 17–28% can be obtained with the LQ optimal controller, depending on the chosen energy weighting. Furthermore, an additional 75% comfort increase and 77% energy cost reduction can be obtained, with respect to the fixed gain energy optimal controller, using condition-dependent control gains. So, it is concluded that the performance potential using condition-dependent controllers is huge, and that the use of the classic skyhook control strategy should, in general, be avoided when designing active secondary suspensions for commercial vehicles.     

高频振动对横向和垂向乘坐舒适度影响的基础研究

介绍了日本为开发评定包括新干线列车在内的铁道车辆乘坐舒适度的更适用方法而开展的试验研究成果.     

三跨异型连续钢箱梁动力特性改善研究

某三跨异型连续钢箱梁人行天桥在行人通过时晃动明显,经有限元分析和规范计算该桥主跨的竖向基频为2.54Hz,正好位于易发生人桥共振的2.0~3.0Hz区间内.为了改善该桥的动力特性,找到了原设计中不满足规范竖向基频的原因,并提出了在主跨钢箱梁顶板上焊接10cm高T型钢板,并作横向连接形成封闭箱室以提高箱梁有效高度的措施,通过三维有限元多方案分析,能够将该桥主跨的竖向基频提高至3.3Hz.所推荐的方案简单易行,对交通干扰小,可有效减小人行天桥的晃动,可为同类工程提供借鉴.     

大跨度人行桥舒适性分析和TMD减振设计

随着对景观要求的提高,人行桥向着轻柔和大跨度方向发展.目前,我国规范对人行桥舒适性评价标准并不适合大跨度人行桥.通过研究对比国内外相关规范,推荐采用德国人行桥设计指南进行舒适性评价.而对于无法满足舒适性要求的人行桥需要采用一定的减振措施,如广泛采用的减振措施——调谐质量阻尼器(TMD)的设计方法.同时以一座百米级桁架梁桥为例,采用时程分析方法,按照德国人行桥设计指南对桥梁舒适性进行评价,并采用TMD进行减振处理,分析结果表明减振效果显著.