公路客运价格对消费价格指数波动的影响研究

近年来我国居民消费价格指数波动幅度较大,通胀和紧缩压力交替出现,宏观经济调控难度逐渐加大. 公路客运价格是测算居民消费价格指数的基础指标之一,本文通过建立居民消费价格分类指数对总指数的贡献度模型,定量测算公路客运价格对居民消费价格指数波动的贡献程度. 测算结果表明, 交通指数对居民消费价格指数贡献较大且增长较快,从2002年的4.44%增长到2007年的7.47%,与我国私人汽车保有量快速增长的发展趋势相一致,而长途汽车价格指数对居民消费价格指数的贡献度比较小且波动不大,基本维持在2.41%左右,较好地起到了平抑消费价格指数上涨的作用.     

城市交通投资的消费者福利评价

城市交通中多种出行方式共存等特性使传统的成本一效益分析法难以分析出交通投资产生的效果。文中假设发生在各起讫点问的交通出行是1个消费者代表的出行选择结果,推导一般均衡条件下交通服务供应水平变化与消费者剩余之间的关系。通过Logit模型模拟方式选择得到需求函数,结果显示交通投资产生的消费者福利与交通方式选择集的最大效用的期望值有关,表明以离散选择模型为基础的福利评价方法适用于多种交通投资的效果评价,包括交通方式选择集发生变化的情况。     

我国汽车消费信贷发展的问题分析

汽车产业的发展带动了我国汽车消费信贷的发展,汽车消费信贷的壮大又推动了汽车产业的进一步发展。但是,由于体制原因、经验不足以及相关配套措施不到位,我国汽车消费信贷经历了一段时期的高速发展后又陷入了低谷,至今仍未见起色。本文试从我国汽车消费信贷业务发展的历程及现状、目前存在的问题、以及完善汽车消费信贷的政策建议等方面进行相关阐述。     

预售环境下考虑消费者时间偏好的定价与订货策略

在市场规模不确定的条件下,以最大化销售商利润为目标,综合考虑消费者时间偏好及策略型行为,构建无预售、仅预售和两阶段预售策略的定价和订货模型,得出相应的最优预售价格和订货量。此外,对无预售与2种预售策略展开对比研究,探讨预售策略实施的条件,通过数值算例分析系统参数对预售最优决策及利润的影响。研究结果表明:两阶段预售策略下最优预售价格低于现售价格,给现售阶段的最优订货量不超过无预售策略;两阶段预售策略总是优于无预售策略;当且仅当预售时长小于某一临界值时,仅预售策略才会优于无预售策略;两种预售策略的优劣取决于销售商能否有效地根据产品现售价格和采购成本设置合理的预售时长。     

Preferences for autonomous and alternative fuel-powered heavy-duty trucks in Germany

Germany is by far the largest contributor of greenhouse gas emissions in the European Union but adopted its own climate action plan to achieve greenhouse gas neutrality by 2050. The country’s third-largest emitter of greenhouse gas emissions is the transportation sector. As of January 2019, 99.7% of heavy-duty trucks registered in Germany run on diesel while the share of alternative fuel-powered passenger cars increases steadily. Apart from rising emissions, the industry faces a growing shortage of qualified truck drivers. A solution to increasing emissions and the shortage of drivers are autonomous and alternative fuel-powered heavy-duty trucks. We employed a choice-based conjoint analysis with employees from freight companies in Germany to find out how they assess the main attributes of innovative trucks. Our results reveal that the maximum driving range is the most important attribute followed by the refueling/recharging time. Tank-to-wheel emissions, on the other hand, was ranked as the least relevant attribute. Moreover, we present customers’ preference shares for future heavy-duty trucks until 2035. According to our results, freight companies are generally open to switching from conventional to low emission and (conditionally-) automated heavy-duty trucks, however, a close collaboration between truck manufacturers, customers, infrastructure companies, and policymakers is essential to spur the penetration of autonomous and alternative fuel-powered heavy-duty trucks.     

Urban freight,parking and pricing policies: An evaluation from a transport providers’ perspective

This paper investigates transport providers’ preferences for alternative loading bays and pricing policies. It estimates the importance of loading bays, the probability of finding them free and offers strategically relevant information to policy makers. The results underline the relevance of both preference heterogeneity and non-linear attribute effects. Three classes of agents are detected with substantially different preferences also characterized by non-linear sensitivity to attribute level variations. The specific freight sector, frequency of accesses and number of employees are all relevant covariates explaining different preferences for alternative transport providers’ categories. The implications of the results obtained are illustrated by simulating alternative policy scenarios. In conclusion, the paper underlines the need for rigorous policy analysis if the correct policy outcomes are to be estimated with an adequate level of accuracy.     

Consumer preferences for electric vehicles in lower tier cities of China: Evidences from south Jiangsu region

China is the world biggest market of electric vehicles (EVs) in terms of production and sales. Existing studies on consumer preferences for EVs in China have generally focused on first-tier cities, while little attention has been paid to the lower tier cities. This exploratory study investigates consumer preferences for EVs in lower tier cities of China, by collecting stated preference (SP) data in two second-tier cities and three third-tier cities in the south Jiangsu region of China. The discrete choice modeling analysis shows that Chinese consumers in lower-tier cities are generally sensitive to monetary attributes, charging service and driving range of EVs. They also perceive Chinese vehicle brands to be disadvantaged compared with European brands. When comparing the differences in second-tier versus third-tier cities, we find that consumers in third-tier cities are more sensitive to purchase price, subsidy of purchase, and coverage of charging stations than their second-tier counterparts. This study also highlights the role of different psychological effects, such as symbols of car ownership, normative-face influence, and risk aversion, in shaping consumer preferences for EVs in lower-tier cities of China. Our results provide important implications for contextualizing government policies and marketing strategies in line with the different sizes and characteristics of the cities in China.     

On the goods-activities technical relations in the time allocation theory

In areas like household production and travel choice, time assigned to the different activities plays a key role in addition to consumption as the main variables in utility within the consumer behaviour framework. However, a comprehensive conceptual structure to understand the technological relations between goods consumption and the assignment of time to activities is still lacking. In this paper the problem is reviewed and all possible relations between goods and time are re-formulated. Two general functions are defined and proposed to account for all these relations, forming a new taxonomy for the technical constraints. The resulting consumer behaviour model is used to obtain general expressions for both the value of saving time in constrained activities like travel, and the value of leisure.     

消费心理学在市场竞争中的作用——从消费者心理角度研究品牌资产价值

消费者的购买行为受心理的支配,企业经营者应充分研究、利用消费者心理学,不断提升品牌的资产价值,使之可持续发展,只有这样企业才能在激烈的市场竞争中立于不败之地。     

Relationships Between US Consumer Expenditures on Communications and Transportation Using Almost Ideal Demand System Modeling: 1984–2002

Abstract

This study analyzes aggregate consumer expenditure data from the US between 1984 and 2002, to determine relationships between expenditures on transportation and communications. We first identified 15 categories of goods – nine for transportation, five for communications, and one for all others – and obtained prices for each category across time. Then, we applied the linear approximate almost ideal demand system (AIDS) method for estimating consumer demand functions, aggregating the categories to six (non-personal vehicle (PV), PV capital, PV operation, electronic communications media, print communications media, and all others) due to the small sample size. The results indicate that transportation and communications categories have both substitution and complementarity relationships. The existence of effects in both directions (substitution and complementarity) is testimony to the complexity of the relationships involved, with both generation and replacement possible and happening simultaneously. In addition, expenditures in the transportation categories are generally more income-elastic and price-elastic than those in communications, indicating that communications expenditures are more essential than those for travel. The transportation categories have both substitution and complementarity relationships with each other, while the two communications categories have a substitution relationship.