融合手机信令数据的轨道交通出行分担率模型研究

交通行为模型广泛应用于城市出行需求分析等领域.传统行为模型的参数设置通常依赖经验判断,模型预测精度缺乏大样本验证手段.本文以重庆市解放碑-观音桥组团通道出行行为为研究对象,融合手机信令数据、AFC数据和问卷调查数据,构建随机参数分别为正态分布、均匀分布和γ分布的混合Logit模型,将手机信令数据与AFC数据分析结果作为...     

消费者情感体验的心理分析

消费者情感体验指消费者经历的感觉、情绪、心境.消费者情感体验是影响消费者行为的重要冈素,对消费者情感体验的研究是制定情感体验营销策略的基础.本文从动机、个性、态度、沟通、决策、满意与忠诚这几个方面对消费者的情感体验进行了心理分析.     

Willingness-to-pay for alternative fuel vehicle characteristics: A stated choice study for Germany

In the light of European energy efficiency and clean air regulations, as well as an ambitious electric mobility goal of the German government, we examine consumer preferences for alternative fuel vehicles (AFVs) based on a Germany-wide discrete choice experiment among 711 potential car buyers. We estimate consumers’ willingness-to-pay and compensating variation (CV) for improvements in vehicle attributes, also taking taste differences in the population into account by applying a latent class model with 6 distinct consumer segments. Our results indicate that about 1/3 of the consumers are oriented towards at least one AFV option, with almost half of them being AFV-affine, showing a high probability of choosing AFVs despite their current shortcomings. Our results suggest that German car buyers’ willingness-to-pay for improvements of the various vehicle attributes varies considerably across consumer groups and that the vehicle features have to meet some minimum requirements for considering AFVs. The CV values show that decision-makers in the administration and industry should focus on the most promising consumer group of ‘AFV aficionados’ and their needs. It also shows that some vehicle attribute improvements could increase the demand for AFVs cost-effectively, and that consumers would accept surcharges for some vehicle attributes at a level which could enable their private provision and economic operation (e.g. fast-charging infrastructure). Improvement of other attributes will need governmental subsidies to compensate for insufficient consumer valuation (e.g. battery capacity).     

A choice experiment on alternative fuel vehicle preferences of private car owners in the Netherlands

This paper presents results of an online stated choice experiment on preferences of Dutch private car owners for alternative fuel vehicles (AFVs) and their characteristics. Results show that negative preferences for alternative fuel vehicles are large, especially for the electric and fuel cell car, mostly as a result of their limited driving range and considerable refueling times. Preference for AFVs increases considerably with improvements on driving range, refueling time and fuel availability. Negative AFV preferences remain, however, also with substantial improvements in AFV characteristics; the remaining willingness to accept is on average € 10,000–€ 20,000 per AFV. Results from a mixed logit model show that consumer preferences for AFVs and AFV characteristics are heterogeneous to a large extent, in particular for the electric car, additional detour time and fuel time for the electric and fuel cell car. An interaction model reveals that annual mileage is by far the most important factor that determines heterogeneity in preferences for the electric and fuel cell car. When annual mileage increases, the preference for electric and fuel cell cars decreases substantially, whilst the willingness to pay for driving range increases substantially. Other variables such as using the car for holidays abroad and the daily commute also appear to be relevant for car choice.     

Stated preferences for investigating commuters' diversion propensity

A reasonable response to increasing traffic congestion may come from the rapidly developing traveler information systems. Such systems may be successful if they effectively influence drivers' enroute decisions; in this regard, a critical factor may be commuters' willingness to divert from their regular route in response to information about traffic congestion. This study evaluates the effects of real-time traffic information along with driver attributes, roadway characteristics and situational factors on drivers' willingness to divert.The empirical portion of this study is based on a survey of downtown Chicago automobile commuters. The stated preference approach was used to study commuters' diversion propensity. Drivers expressed a higher willingness to divert if expected delays on their usual route increased, if the congestion was incident-induced as opposed to recurring, if delay information was received from radio traffic reports compared with observing congestion, and if trip direction was home-to-work rather than work-to-home. Respondents were less willing to divert if their alternate route was unfamiliar, unsafe or had several traffic stops. Socioeconomic characteristics were also significant in predicting willingness to divert.     

State-dependent congestion pricing with reference-dependent preferences

Demand and capacity fluctuations are common for roads and other congestible facilities. With ongoing advances in pricing technology and ways of communicating information to prospective users, state-dependent congestion pricing is becoming practical. But it is still rare or nonexistent in many potential applications. One explanation is that people dislike uncertainty about how much they will pay. To explore this idea, a model of reference-dependent preferences is developed based on Köszegi and Rabin (2006). Using a facility yields an “intrinsic” utility and a “gain-loss” utility measured relative to the probability distribution over states of utility outcomes. Two types of preferences are analyzed: bundled preferences in which gains and losses are perceived for overall utility, and unbundled preferences in which gains and losses are perceived separately for the toll and other determinants of utility.Tolls are chosen to maximize total expected utility plus revenues. With bundled preferences the toll is set above the Pigouvian level when usage conditions are good, and below it when conditions are bad, in order to reduce fluctuations in utility. With unbundled preferences the direction of toll adjustment is less clear and depends on whether supply or demand is variable. For both types of preferences tolls are sensitive to the strength of gain-loss utility. If gain-loss utility is moderately strong, a state-independent toll can be optimal.     

江西城镇居民运动休闲偏好与健康引导研究

为了发展城镇休闲运动,丰富社区体育文化生活,提高居民的生活质量.通过调查研究,分析了江西省城镇居民运动休闲偏好发展现状,居民对运动休闲的认知水平,居民对运动休闲内容偏好,以及居民选择运动休闲的时间地点等问题,进而探讨了健康引导城镇居民运动休闲发展策略.对促进城镇社区体育文化建设,倡导健康文明的休闲生活方式,发展全民健身...     

On the semantic scale problem in stated preference rating experiments

Stated preference (SP) rating experiments are easy to design and conduct. Furthermore, they constitute a generalisation of SP choice experiments in terms of the information about preferences that can be achieved. However, its results are sensitive to the numerical values assigned by the analyst to the semantic scale used by individuals to express their preferences. We consider this problem in depth using a variety of statistical techniques, including ordinal probit and a novel optimal scale linear regression approach.     

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在分析高速公路基本属性的基础上，从微观经济学的角度，推导了高速公路的供给曲线和需求曲线的函数关系式，进行高速公路的供需均衡分析，研究了高速公路效益的产生机理，为高速公路建设项目的效益评价和决策提供了理论依据.     

两类可再生能源促进政策的消费者负担比较——国际竞争利益的视角

在可再生能源技术上领先一步关系到一国未来能源产业甚至整体经济竞争力等战略利益,本文试图对现有可再生能源政策推进这个战略利益的能力提供一个评估。我们认为政策的消费者负担是这种能力的一个关键指示,而现有政策可分为“环境类政策”和“专门可再生政策”。我们表明,在对可再生能源提供同等支持时,环境类政策导致的额外消费者负担大大高于专门可再生政策,当前在我国前者是后者的1120倍。这说明,为了获取国际竞争方面的战略利益,必须主要依赖专门可再生政策来推动可再生能源技术走向商业化,而不能依赖环境类政策。