一种确定高圆簧横向刚度的有效方法

文中将高圆簧简化为等截面弹性直杆，导出高圆簧横向刚度计算式，并用试验结果进行修正，提出高圆横向刚度分析方法。理论分析和试验结果表明：高圆簧横向刚度的大小取愉于高圆簧的自由高度和工作高度，即由其结构几何参数和工作载荷决定。按文中方法确定的高圆簧横向刚度理论值与试验结果间的最大误差不超过１０％，满足工程理论分析要求。     

基于数据挖掘的城市机动车停车调查分析研究

进行城市机动车停车场规划前需要开展停车场调查,以得到停车场的基本特征参数、机动车进出记录和停车者的停车行为等信息。通过数据挖掘中的一些方法可以在数据库中挖掘出有用的信息。根据机动车进出停车场的记录计算一系列的停车指标,并借助多元统计分析中典型相关分析的方法,分析停车指标与停车场基本特征参数之间的关系。然后利用关联规则挖掘停车问询调查数据中的潜在信息,分析停车者的行为特征,以掌握更多的停车信息。     

Comparing different contour methods with response-based methods for extreme ship response analysis

Environmental contours are often applied in probabilistic structural reliability analysis to identify extreme environmental conditions that may give rise to extreme loads and responses. They facilitate approximate long term analysis of critical structural responses in situations where computationally heavy and time-consuming response calculations makes full long-term analysis infeasible. The environmental contour method identifies extreme environmental conditions that are expected to give rise to extreme structural response of marine structures. The extreme responses can then be estimated by performing response calculations for environmental conditions along the contours.Response-based analysis is an alternative, where extreme value analysis is performed on the actual response rather than on the environmental conditions. For complex structures, this is often not practical due to computationally heavy response calculations. However, by establishing statistical emulators of the response, using machine learning techniques, one may obtain long time-series of the structural response and use this to estimate extreme responses.In this paper, various contour methods will be compared to response-based estimation of extreme vertical bending moment for a tanker. A response emulator based on Gaussian processes regression with adaptive sampling has been established based on response calculations from a hydrodynamic model. Long time-series of sea-state parameters such as significant wave height and wave period are used to construct N-year environmental contours and the extreme N-year response is estimated from numerical calculations for identified sea states. At the same time, the response emulator is applied on the time series to provide long time-series of structural response, in this case vertical bending moment of a tanker. Extreme value analysis is then performed directly on the responses to estimate the N-year extreme response. The results from either method will then be compared, and it is possible to evaluate the accuracy of the environmental contour method in estimating the response. Moreover, different contour methods will be compared.     

A copula-based approach for estimating the travel time reliability of urban arterial

Estimating the travel time reliability (TTR) of urban arterial is critical for real-time and reliable route guidance and provides theoretical bases and technical support for sophisticated traffic management and control. The state-of-art procedures for arterial TTR estimation usually assume that path travel time follows a certain distribution, with less consideration about segment correlations. However, the conventional approach is usually unrealistic because an important feature of urban arterial is the dependent structure of travel times on continuous segments. In this study, a copula-based approach that incorporates the stochastic characteristics of segments travel time is proposed to model arterial travel time distribution (TTD), which serves as a basis for TTR quantification. First, segments correlation is empirically analyzed and different types of copula models are examined. Then, fitting marginal distributions for segment TTD is conducted by parametric and non-parametric regression analysis, respectively. Based on the estimated parameters of the models, the best-fitting copula is determined in terms of the goodness-of-fit tests. Last, the model is examined at two study sites with AVI data and NGSIM trajectory data, respectively. The results of path TTD estimation demonstrate the advantage of the proposed copula-based approach, compared with the convolution model without capturing segments correlation and the empirical distribution fitting methods. Furthermore, when considering the segments correlation effect, it was found that the estimated path TTR is more accurate than that by the convolution model.     

Optimal placement of omnidirectional sensors in a transportation network for effective emergency response and crash characterization

Rapid motor vehicle crash detection and characterization is possible through the use of Intelligent Transportation Systems (ITS) and sensors are an integral part of any ITS system. The major focus of this paper is on developing optimal placement of accident detecting omnidirectional sensors to maximize incident detection capabilities and provide ample opportunities for data fusion and crash characterization. Both omnidirectional sensors (placed in suitable infrastructure locations) and mobile sensors are part of our analysis. The surrogates used are acoustic sensors (omnidirectional) and Advanced Automated Crash Notification (AACN) sensors (mobile). This data fusion rich placement is achieved through a hybrid optimization model comprising of an explicit–implicit coverage model followed by an evaluation and local search optimization using simulation. The compound explicit–implicit model delivers good initial solutions and improves the detection and data fusion capabilities compared to the explicit model alone. The results of the studies conducted quantify the use of a data fusion capable environment in crash detection scenarios, and the simulation tool developed helps a decision maker evaluate sensor placement strategy.     

基于灰色关联度的船舶风险控制方案多指标评价模型

分析了仅依靠成本效益评估而选择的船舶风险控制方案的片面性,综合考虑安全、环保、经济收益、成本等多因素对方案所表现的影响,建立了基于灰色关联度的船舶风险控制方案多指标评价模型。论文所建立的该模型可以充分利用各方案的指标取值所包含的信息,并考虑专家主观因素对指标重要度的影响,通过主客观综合赋权的方法突出某个指标在方案排序中的作用。以国际海事组织对液化天然气船的综合安全评估报告所提供的风险控制措施为例,使用该模型进行方案优选,并与仅用成本效益评估所得结果比较;分析比较表明:论文所建立的多指标评价模型可以更全面评估风险控制方案,方法合理,使用简便可靠。     

空管系统飞行计划与航迹相关研究

飞行安全和流量管理空管领域一个很重要的课题,通过飞行计划与航迹相关,可以直观地了解各航空器的详细飞行状态和空域中飞行流量,及时为飞行器制订合理飞行计划,保证飞行安全和空域飞行流量。因而需要对航空器飞行计划与航迹相关的一些方法和问题进行研究,以提高空管可靠性和合理选用空域资源。     

基于模糊聚类与灰色关联的舰船装备技术状态评估方法

针对舰船装备维修管理中的技术状态评估需求,给出等效装备概念,构建基于模糊聚类分析的等效装备模型,并结合灰色关联评估理论,提出一种基于模糊聚类与灰色关联的舰船装备技术状态评估新方法,细化了相应的算法流程及实施步骤,从而解决舰船装备维修前后技术状态的分类与辨识问题。大量实例应用分析表明:该方法具备较好的实用性,在实际舰船装备维修工程及其信息管理系统中具有很好的推广应用前景。     

交通拥挤收费应用实施的研究

交通拥挤收费不仅能缓解交通拥挤,还能通过收费使交通基础设施获得建设维护的部分资金,其合理性和必要性已经得到充分的论证,然而对于实施的一些基本问题,认识的还很不充分,也就对拥挤收费的实施造成了一些基本障碍。从交通拥挤收费实施的基本原则出发,对收费的基本方式、收费实施的影响因素和实施的策略等方面进行了研究,认识到交通拥挤收费不仅仅是一个技术性的问题,更是一个牵涉到政治、经济、文化和民众心理的问题,因此在实施的过程中必须考虑到收费的公平性、效益性和可持续性。在此基础上,对于目前我国一些城市实施交通拥挤收费的措施提出了一些中肯建议。     

中英思维模式差异对英汉学术论文写作的影响

探讨了中英语篇思维模式差异对英汉学术论文写作中论证方法的影响问题.文章通过分析指出,中英思维模式存在着直觉与抽象、本体与客体和螺旋与直线型差异,并因此导致英汉学术论文中论证方法在修辞手段、引经据典、引用权威等方面的使用差异.文章最后指出,只有了解英汉思维模式的差异,分析其文化成因,才能真正实现跨文化写作的成功.