北京交通拥堵的市场化解决思路

从市场经济角度分析北京交通拥堵的成因和对策.首先分析价格体系对出行结构的影响及交通拥堵的社会成本.然后,从需求管理角度提出合理规划城市功能以及根据交通拥堵社会成本合理调整交通价格体系的政策建议;从供给角度提出封闭打破大院小区,改善微循环,提高投资效率,以及市场化手段发展交通产业的政策建议.     

利用多面函数拟合法解算连续化的深度基准面模型

随着海洋测量技术的发展,海图深度基准面在实现上不统一的问题在海洋测绘实践中造成的离散性和跳变性,越来越不能满足实际应用的需求。以渤海湾为实验区进行实例分析,利用多面函数拟合的方法对点状的深度基准面模型进行连续化的处理,并对处理结果进行了分析。     

海洋结构物时II边界积分方程的改进方法

文章基于三维时域格林函数理论,提出了一种时域边界积分方程的改进计算方法,用于预报海洋结构物在波浪中运动受到的时域波浪力.该方法通过利用物体内部构造的满足拉普拉斯方程的内部解,在时域边界积分方程中只需要计及时域格林函数记忆项本身,从而有效地避免了求解具有高震荡积分特性的时域格林函数记忆项的法向导数.对潜体和浮体作了计算,结果表明,这种方法十分有效,可以有效节省内存使用量和计算机空间.通过与相关已发表文献的结果进行比较,计算结果令人满意.     

评估设备激励特性的虚拟力方法研究

在结构声传播和声场响应研究中,往往需要以设备的激励特性作为计算模型的输入。若虚拟力作用下的结构响应与真实响应一致,可用虚拟力代替真实激励作为模型输入。文章在前人虚拟力模型的基础上结合改进的分部优化正则化方法,解决测量导纳矩阵的病态问题,提高虚拟力估算精度。文中通过电机模型实验对比了不同正则化方法下虚拟力对结构响应的重构误差,验证文中方法在虚拟力估算中的可行性和准确性。     

流场中板和圆柱壳传递函数相关性研究

用弹性理论研究了流场中无限板和无限长圆柱壳的传递函数之间的相关性。运用傅里叶积分变换、势理论和波传播理论推导了耦合方程的解。计算了圆柱壳结构在同一厚度,不同频率处,以及不同半径,同一频率处的传递函数,并与板在相应条件下的计算结果进行了比较,接着还讨论了圆柱壳在同一相对厚度的传递函数。文章通过上述结果的对比,得到了板和圆柱壳在计算结果上的关系,为建立流场中圆柱壳结构声辐射的简化模型提供了理论参考。     

Technical,allocative and cost efficiencies of Chinese ports

This paper reports on empirical studies of the technical, allocative, and cost efficiencies (CEs) of Chinese ports based on the panel data of 16 listed port corporations from 1998 to 2011 by means of Bayesian Inference and Markov Chain Monte Carlo methods. An error terms approach is used to resolve the Greene Problem in the estimation of allocative efficiency. The results show that the technical efficiencies have tended to decline in most ports. Inputs to R&D and improving management level are insufficient to offset this decline. Seaports have higher CEs than river ports. Ports with higher container cargo proportion have higher CEs. Ports with more than 50% of shares owned by the State have higher CEs.     

Advances in port studies: the contribution of 40 years Maritime Policy & Management

Port economics, management and policy have progressively emerged as a distinctive research field, and a core part of maritime economics. This paper provides an analysis of all the 267 port studies published in Maritime Policy & Management (MPM) since its inception in 1973. This paper provides a content analysis for seven interrelated research theme categories including main research topics and methods, authorship distribution and citation counts. It is demonstrated that MPM played, and continues to play, a key role in publishing research on seaports. The published research increasingly applies established analytical frameworks to ports. The paper concludes with a discussion on current challenges for port-related research.     

浅谈盈亏平衡分析在新建海洋工程企业中的应用

文章阐述新建海洋工程企业如何有效利用数学工具对企业的整体运营进行科学的预测和分析,找出其中优势和存在的问题,从而为企业的科学决策提供依据,以促进企业健康和谐的发展.     

A study of factors influencing the severity of road crashes involving drunk drivers and non drunk drivers

In this study, an attempt has been made to develop Multinomial Logit (MNL) model by analysing the drunken and non drunken drivers involved in road crashes on Indian highways. Multinomial Logit model has been deployed to assess the influence of various parameters like vehicular, environment and geometric factors on the set of drivers who were found to be drunk at the time of getting involved in the road crash and those who were not under the influence of alcohol at the time of meeting with the road crash. The total economic cost of road crashes in the case of non-drunk driver road crash is Rs. 1046.27 million whereas in the case of drunk driver road crashes it is estimated to be Rs. 204.50 million. Further, it can be observed that economic cost of drunk driver road crashes is varying from 13 to 19 % across different types of road crashes.     

Regulation,trust and contractual incentives around transport contracts – Is there anything bus operators can learn from public air service contracts?

This paper compares recent experiences in contract negotiation and subsequent commitment in public air services with the bus industry. The heart of the paper is a survey of European and Australian regional airlines, which we mirror with revealed experiences of bus operators. We aim to identify a number of elements in the contracting regimes that have exposed ambiguity and significant gaps in what the principal (e.g., transport department) expected, and what the agent (airline or bus operator) believed they were obliged to deliver. Ultimately airline and bus services are similar in that public authorities procure transport services that are desirable for the society but would be unprofitable without government involvement. In both sectors (theoretically fairly similar) public transport contracts are used, and those usually include obligations and performance measurements. In terms of similarities, one of the surveyed contract details that had a perceived high clarity in both industries was “payment procedures” and amongst those with rather poor clarity was also in both industries “incentives to improve performance and grow patronage”. We also show differences between regional air services and bus operations with regard to performance measurement and pre-specified obligations. Because of the strong safety culture around air services we find that regulation and trusting partnerships are even more important to aviation than to the bus sector. Because of the high level of trust but also because of simpler and more complete contracts in aviation, there is much less (re-)negotiation going on compared to the bus operations.