Dynamic demand estimation and prediction for traffic urban networks adopting new data sources

Nowadays, new mobility information can be derived from advanced traffic surveillance systems that collect updated traffic measurements, both in fixed locations and over specific corridors or paths. Such recent technological developments point to challenging and promising opportunities that academics and practitioners have only partially explored so far.The paper looks at some of these opportunities within the Dynamic Demand Estimation problem (DDEP). At first, data heterogeneity, accounting for different sets of data providing a wide spatial coverage, has been investigated for the benefit of off-line demand estimation. In an attempt to mimic the current urban networks monitoring, examples of complex real case applications are being reported where route travel times and route choice probabilities from probe vehicles are exploited together with common link traffic measurements.Subsequently, on-line detection of non-recurrent conditions is being recorded, adopting a sequential approach based on an extension of the Kalman Filter theory called Local Ensemble Transformed Kalman Filter (LETKF).Both the off-line and the on-line investigations adopt a simulation approach capable of capturing the highly nonlinear dependence between the travel demand and the traffic measurements through the use of dynamic traffic assignment models. Consequently, the possibility of using collected traffic information is enhanced, thus overcoming most of the limitations of current DDEP approaches found in the literature.     

递进式项目化教学在公路工程造价课程中的应用

文章通过对现在高职教育改革状况的的分析,论证了道路桥梁技术专业改革的迫切性,主要介绍了递进式项目化教学在公路工程造价课程中的应用。     

Modelling,simulation and applications of longitudinal train dynamics

ABSTRACT

Significant developments in longitudinal train simulation and an overview of the approaches to train models and modelling vehicle force inputs are firstly presented. The most important modelling task, that of the wagon connection, consisting of energy absorption devices such as draft gears and buffers, draw gear stiffness, coupler slack and structural stiffness is then presented. Detailed attention is given to the modelling approaches for friction wedge damped and polymer draft gears. A significant issue in longitudinal train dynamics is the modelling and calculation of the input forces – the co-dimensional problem. The need to push traction performances higher has led to research and improvement in the accuracy of traction modelling which is discussed. A co-simulation method that combines longitudinal train simulation, locomotive traction control and locomotive vehicle dynamics is presented. The modelling of other forces, braking propulsion resistance, curve drag and grade forces are also discussed. As extensions to conventional longitudinal train dynamics, lateral forces and coupler impacts are examined in regards to interaction with wagon lateral and vertical dynamics. Various applications of longitudinal train dynamics are then presented. As an alternative to the tradition single wagon mass approach to longitudinal train dynamics, an example incorporating fully detailed wagon dynamics is presented for a crash analysis problem. Further applications of starting traction, air braking, distributed power, energy analysis and tippler operation are also presented.     

Vehicle lift-off modelling and a new rollover detection criterion

The modelling and development of a general criterion for the prediction of rollover threshold is the main purpose of this work. Vehicle dynamics models after the wheels lift-off and when the vehicle moves on the two wheels are derived and the governing equations are used to develop the rollover threshold. These models include the properties of the suspension and steering systems. In order to study the stability of motion, the steady-state solutions of the equations of motion are carried out. Based on the stability analyses, a new relation is obtained for the rollover threshold in terms of measurable response parameters. The presented criterion predicts the best time for the prevention of the vehicle rollover by applying a correcting moment. It is shown that the introduced threshold of vehicle rollover is a proper state of vehicle motion that is best for stabilising the vehicle with a low energy requirement.     

Insights into vehicle trajectories at the handling limits: analysing open data from race car drivers

Race car drivers can offer insights into vehicle control during extreme manoeuvres; however, little data from race teams is publicly available for analysis. The Revs Program at Stanford has built a collection of vehicle dynamics data acquired from vintage race cars during live racing events with the intent of making this database publicly available for future analysis. This paper discusses the data acquisition, post-processing, and storage methods used to generate the database. An analysis of available data quantifies the repeatability of professional race car driver performance by examining the statistical dispersion of their driven paths. Certain map features, such as sections with high path curvature, consistently corresponded to local minima in path dispersion, quantifying the qualitative concept that drivers anchor their racing lines at specific locations around the track. A case study explores how two professional drivers employ distinct driving styles to achieve similar lap times, supporting the idea that driving at the limits allows a family of solutions in terms of paths and speed that can be adapted based on specific spatial, temporal, or other constraints and objectives.     

项目施工企业成本控制

责任成本控制是企业内部一个完整的工程项目,通过确定优化的施工组织设计方案,划定收入与支出配比责任层次,编制各层次的责任成本,各责任层次的责任中心制定控制措施,对各项工作进行过失奖惩,从而提高项目整体经济效益的一种管理行为。     

公路工程项目成本控制现状分析

结合工程实践,通过对公路施工企业成本管理客观及主观现状分析,论述了成本管理的具体内容,抓住成本管理的关键环节并采取相应的措施,实施有效的公路工程项目成本管理,以指导公路施工企业项目成本管理并提高企业竞争能力。     

公路工程施工监理取费标准研究

鉴于我国目前公路工程施工监理的现状,指出公路工程施工监理取费的不合理性和不科学性,通过与设计取费、国外监理取费、施工管理取费及建设监理取费的对比分析,提出我国公路工程施工监理取费标准的修改建议.     

BOM在成本核算与控制中的常见问题与对策

BOM作为重要的经营管理手段已被越来越多的制造业所采用,其在成本核算与成本控制中的作用也日趋明显。尤其是ERP系统和财务软件应用较好,物流管理程序化的企业。本文是围绕BOM在成本核算和成本控制实务中常见的几个问题及相应的解决对策等进行的讨论。     

施工企业成本管理存在的问题及对策

随着我国市场经济的不断发展,竞争机制已渗透到公路行业,如何降低施工企业工程成本,提高企业经济效益成为当务之急。文中结合施工企业的实际,就成本管理的问题及对策进行分析与探讨。