Quasi-steady-state linearisation of the racing vehicle acceleration envelope: a limited slip differential example

In the motorsport environment, passive limited slip differentials are a well-established means of improving the traction limitation imposed by the open differential. Torque sensing types are highly adjustable, and can alter both the stability and agility of the vehicle in the various cornering phases of a typical manoeuvre. In this paper, an adjustable clutch plate or ‘Salisbury’ differential model is presented, which can significantly alter its torque bias characteristics through adjustments in the drive/coast ramp angle, the number of friction faces and preload. To allow robust evaluation of differential parameter changes on ultimate vehicle performance and handling balance, a unified acceleration or ‘GG’ diagram framework is then described. This builds on traditional GG diagram approaches, by using nonlinear constrained optimisation to define both the vehicle acceleration limits and a ‘feasibility’ region within the performance envelope. By linearising a seven degrees of freedom vehicle model at multiple operating points, eigenvalue and yaw rate response analysis is then used to establish contours of stability and agility throughout the GG envelope. This brings new insights into the way in which handling balance changes below and up to the vehicle's acceleration limits.     

Modeling road traffic fatalities in India: Smeed's law,time invariance and regional specificity

Mathematical formulations linking road traffic fatalities to vehicle ownership, regional population, and economic growth continue to be developed against the backdrop of Smeed and Andreassen models. Though a few attempts were made, Smeed's law has not been fully tested in India. Using the 1991–2009 panel data from all states, this work (a) developed the generalized Smeed and Andreassen models; (b) evaluated if traffic fatalities were impacted by structural changes; and (c) examined if – in relation to the generalized model – the individual (time and regional) models are more relevant for application. Seven models (Smeed: original, generalized, time-variant, state-variant; and Andreassen: generalized, time-variant, state-variant) were developed and tested for fit with the actual data. Results showed that the per vehicle fatality rate closely resembled Smeed's formulation. Chow-test yielded a significant F-stat, suggesting that the models for four pre-defined time-blocks are structurally different from the 19-year generalized model. The counterclockwise rotation of the log-linear form also suggested lower fatality rates. While the new government policies, reduced vehicle operating speeds, better healthcare, and improved vehicle technology could be the factors, further research is required to understand the reasons for fatality rate reductions. The intercept and gradients of the time-series models showed high stability and varied only slightly in comparison to the 19-year generalized models, thus suggesting that the latter are pragmatic for application. Regional formulations, however, indicate that they may be more relevant for studying trends and tendencies. This research illustrates the robustness of Smeed's law, and provides evidence for time-invariance but state-specificity.     

基于模板的交通调查分析系统设计与实现

就交通调查工作方法进行分析,建立了基于模板的交通调查分析系统的框架,并介绍了的实现方法.引入交通调查组织模板的概念,介绍了其功能设计和实现方法,改进了检测数据预处理的算法.系统降低了用户对复杂的交通调查组织的认知要求,简化了操作步骤,提高了数据预处理的可靠性,扩展了系统的应用范围.系统分为交通调查组织模板、数据录入与数据预处理、数据的分析与处理、查询与结果显示、输出和系统维护模块.     

加卸载工况下的车站深基坑开挖变形性状研究

某地铁车站深基坑北侧邻近新建住宅高楼,南侧毗邻另一个在挖基坑。以该车站基坑开挖为背景,通过分析基坑的实测数据,重点研究基坑在此特殊工况下其南北两侧围护墙水平位移和地表沉降的差异以及建筑物沉降和立柱沉降。分析实测数据可得:北侧围护墙水平位移和地表沉降均大于南侧,且常常超过变形报警值;北侧坑壁上的主动土压力大于南侧坑壁所受主动土压力,又由于周边卸载导致南侧墙底产生被动土压力,使得其向坑外偏移;北侧坑壁土体最大水平蠕变率和最大地表沉降蠕变率均略大于南侧;周边高楼沉降以及立柱沉降均在报警值以内,其中高楼沉降均匀,而由于南侧的开挖卸载,立柱的隆起也不明显。     

城市轨道交通道岔失表应急处置程序分析与优化

为解决目前道岔失表情况下城市轨道列车进路办理效率低下的问题,分析了道岔失表的故障发生原因,提出了通过单操道岔及人工现场确认道岔位置的方式办理进路的可能性。通过定性与定量相结合、过程分析与风险评估相结合的方法,对比分析了传统手摇道岔方式与单操道岔及人工现场确认道岔位置方式办理进路的效率及风险概率,验证了道岔失表时优先通过单操道岔及人工现场确认道岔位置的方式办理列车进路的可行性,并据此提出道岔失表现场处置程序优化建议。     

基于动态链数据压缩的打印机绘图

本文提出的基于动态链数据压缩的打印机绘图算法，其既对图形数据作了有效压缩，又提高了绘图速度，并解决了文字输出，将图形和文字统一起来。克服了其它方法的不足。     

大数据背景下的桥梁结构健康监测研究现状与展望

结构健康监测（SHM）技术在许多大型桥梁的运营养护管理中均有应用，但已有监测系统积累的海量数据并未被充分解读。为将大数据技术引入到桥梁SHM数据的处理分析中，首先总结大数据的概念和构成要素；然后分析SHM数据的工业大数据属性，梳理桥梁SHM大数据的研究方向；随后综述包括处理技术和分析方法在内的大数据技术在桥梁SHM中的应用现状，在由数据预处理、数据融合、特征工程、模式识别、可视化构成的大数据分析流程中提出SHM大数据研究的需求和应用场景；最后对大数据技术在桥梁SHM中的前景与驱动力进行展望和讨论。结果表明：SHM大数据研究应以结构状态评估为落脚点；大数据处理技术在SHM的系统框架搭建及数据分析能力扩展方面虽已得到较多应用，但其并非SHM大数据研究的重点；SHM数据融合对大数据分析方法有迫切需求，以实现桥梁SHM数据与外观检测等多源异构数据的多层面融合；深度学习、集成学习为结构状态敏感特征的提取提供了新的算法；有监督、无监督机器学习方法结合海量SHM数据将对结构状态评估下的模式识别问题形成更全面的认知；异常识别、相关分析、迁移学习等方法可为实桥SHM损伤识别提供支撑。研究结果可为SHM领域的大数据研究提供参考。     

ROBUST FILTERS WITH SAMPLED-DATA ESTIMATION COVARANCE CONSTRAINT FOR UNCERTAIN CONTINUOUS-TIME SYSTEMS

ＩｎｔｒｏｄｕｃｔｉｏｎＴｈｅｉｍｐｏｒｔａｎｃｅｏｆｓａｍｐｌｅｄ－ｄａｔａｅｓｔｉｍａｔｉｏｎｏｒｆｉｌｔｅｒｉｎｇｉｓｉｎｃｒｅａｓｉｎｇｂｅｃａｕｓｅｏｆｔｈｅｒａｐｉｄｄｅｖｅｌ－ｏｐｍｅｎｔｉｎｔｈｅｔｅｃｈｎｏｌｏｇｙｏｆｄｉｇｉｔａｌ...     

道路路阻函数模型及适用性研究

交通诱导系统中两节点间最优路径的选择是目前的一个难点问题,其中路阻函数的确定是路径优化的核心内容.针对交通流由畅通状态到拥挤状态再到堵塞状态的过程,应用经典交通流理论和实际调查数据,构建交通流诱导系统分段路阻函数模型,以q=10veh/h为一个单位,对函数进行分段拟合,构建高速公路和城市快速路下的分段路阻函数,并对其适应性进行拟合分析.应用结果表明:在不同的流量范围内,高速公路和城市快速路分段路阻函数在自由流状态、高密度状态和低密度条件下适合不同的分段函数.     

基于指数平滑法的交通量检测设备短期缺失值插补方法分析

交通量是交通规划、交通管理、道路规划设计的重要依据.但是由于交通量数据收集系统的故障、处理错误等种种原因,会出现数据缺失的现象.为了解决这种问题,基于多种缺失数据的插补方法,提出了利用缺失期间前后数据的改进指数平滑法,并对这些插补结果进行了比较分析,为常年交通量短期缺失数据插补方法的应用提供了理论与实践依据.