大型深基坑支护结构的理论计算与分析

V国X电厂循环水泵房的大型深基坑发生过坍塌事故,为了查找原因,分别采用等值梁法和m法计算了支护结构的受力状态。介绍这两种方法的计算原理,并以该工程为实例进行计算,两种方法计算的结果均显示支护桩最大应力均超过了钢材的允许应力,这正是坍塌事故发生的必然原因。     

复杂网络理论在船舶电力系统结构脆弱性分析中的应用

文章将复杂网络理论分析方法应用于船舶电力系统结构脆弱性的分析。首先将船舶电网抽象为复杂网络模型,并对该网络模型的结构特征进行计算和分析;然后通过分析节点攻击后的电力系统性能对船舶电网结构脆弱性进行分析。结果表明:船舶电网的脆弱性与网络拓扑结构密切相关,利用复杂网络理论可以有效确定电力网络的关键节点。     

基于最佳逼近理论的主动吸收造波算法研究

在海洋工程水池试验中,二次反射波会严重影响实验的可靠性和准确性,如何消除反射波成为一个重要课题。针对MARINTEK水池为仿真对象展开相关研究,运用目前较为成熟的主动吸收造波算法理论,解算摇板式造波机的传递函数,在此基础上应用最佳逼近理论,设计出相应的数字滤波器,来达到同等的主动吸收造波效果,并验证该方法的有效性,从而实现模拟滤波器向数字滤波器的转换。仿真结果显示,数字滤波器输出与标准(主动吸收造波算法理论)输出有着良好的拟合效果,表明所设计的数字滤波器能够到达预期的主动吸收造波效果。本研究的意义在于,初步实现了主动吸收造波算法从理论到实际应用的转换,为工程上的应用提供良好的依据,有助于提高波浪试验的准确性。     

基于物元理论的舰船离心泵技术状态评估

对舰船离心泵进行技术状态评估是提高离心泵运行可靠性,为状态维修提供合理决策的重要手段。为了完善舰船离心泵技术状态评估技术,在参阅有关标准等文献的基础上,系统地建立了评估指标体系,并应用物元理论对离心泵技术状态进行评估。在对离心泵指标进行量化的基础上,可以定量地评估离心泵的技术状态,同时采用专家打分法,能够合理、快速地给出各指标权重。经实例分析证明,基于物元理论的离心泵技术状态评估方法合理有效。     

A GIS‐based method to identify cost‐effective routes for rural deviated fixed route transit

Deviated fixed route transit (DFRT) service connecting rural and urban areas is a growing transportation mode in the USA. Little research has been done to develop frameworks for route design. A methodology to explore the most cost‐effective DFRT route is presented in this paper. The inputs include potential DFRT demand distribution and a road network. A heuristic is used to build possible routes by starting at urban cores and extending in all network directions in certain length increments. All the DFRT routes falling in the length range desired by the users are selected. The cost effectiveness of those routes, defined by operating cost per passenger trip, is compared. The most cost‐effective route is selected and presented in a GIS map. A case study illustrates the methodology in several Tennessee metropolitan regions. The most cost‐effective route length is case specific; some routes (e.g. those out of our Nashville case) are most cost effective when short, while others (e.g. those out of Memphis) are most cost effective when long. Government agencies could use the method to identify routes with the lowest operating cost per passenger given a route length or an operating cost budget. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

Short/medium-term prediction for the aviation emissions in the en route airspace considering the fluctuation in air traffic demand

This paper proposes a novel short/medium-term prediction method for aviation emissions distribution in en route airspace. An en route traffic demand model characterizing both the dynamics and the fluctuation of the actual traffic demand is developed, based on which the variation and the uncertainty of the short/medium-term traffic growth are predicted. Building on the demand forecast the Boeing Fuel Flow Method 2 is applied to estimate the fuel consumption and the resulting aviation emissions in the en route airspace. Based on the traffic demand prediction and the en route emissions estimation, an aviation emissions prediction model is built, which can be used to forecast the generation of en route emissions with uncertainty limits. The developed method is applied to a real data set from Hefei Area Control Center for the en route emission prediction in the next 5 years, with time granularities of both months and years. To validate the uncertainty limits associated with the emission prediction, this paper also presents the prediction results based on future traffic demand derived from the regression model widely adopted by FAA and Eurocontrol. The analysis of the case study shows that the proposed method can characterize well the dynamics and the fluctuation of the en route emissions, thereby providing satisfactory prediction results with appropriate uncertainty limits. The prediction results show a gradual growth at an average annual rate of 7.74%, and the monthly prediction results reveal distinct fluctuation patterns in the growth.     

基于SEA的船舶螺旋桨横振传递路径分析及降噪研究

采用统计能量分析(Statistical Energy Analysis, SEA)对某船螺旋桨轴横振在到舱室中产生的噪声进行了仿真,在图论框架下将SEA系统等效为赋权有向图,求解中高频振动能量传到舱室的主要传递路径。使用偏离算法从赋权图中得到了500条传递权重最大的路径,从而确定螺旋桨振动传递到主机舱和集控室的主要路径。分析结果显示,螺旋桨横振激励主要通过二层甲板的与横舱壁的耦合传递到船首方向的舱室产生噪音,双层底和船壳对振动传递影响较小。在传递路径结构和耦合连接处采取的降噪措施可使集控室的噪声在各频段降低3 dB。     

自锚式悬索桥力学特性挠度理论研究

在简要介绍自锚式悬索桥特点以后,着重从挠度理论出发研究其力学特性。首先详细推导了自锚式悬索桥挠度理论基本微分方程,然后在此基础上介绍了各内力影响线的求解思路,基于此,采用动态规划法加载原理编制了自锚式悬索桥挠度理论计算程序,通过实际的桥跨结构(主跨328 m,自锚式悬索桥)根据挠度理论程序计算边、中跨各截面的弯矩、挠度影响线并与有限元计算结果相比较,反映程序计算精度较高,从而验证了公式和程序的正确性,为进一步对自锚式悬索桥的相关力学参数影响分析奠定了基础。     

出行需求分析的新方法:活动模型的应用研究

结合我国交通规划实际情况,提出新型的基于活动的出行需求分析方法,通过大量的调查数据和严密的分析,研究了数据转换的过程及方法,用以分析活动与出行的关系,并以此作为活动模型与出行模型之间的桥梁。详细阐述了数据选择和整理方法、有效性检查规则;应用居民出行调查数据,分析活动及出行特征作为模拟的基础,并提出基于交叉分类的出行量预测方法;然后制定活动-出行行为的详细模拟流程,研究各特性变量的模拟方法;给出模型的验证及确认方法,并编写计算机程序实现模拟流程。该方法已应用于辽宁某市城市居民的活动与出行特征分析,验证结果显示该方法具有较强的实用性,为活动模型的研究提供了参考。     

波形钢腹板组合箱梁弹性阶段弯曲理论及模型试验研究

基于波形钢腹板组合箱梁独特的受力特点,建立了系统的弹性阶段受弯分析理论：从弯曲正应变分布的拟平截面假定出发,采用材料力学方法,推导了正应力、剪应力及波形钢腹板承担的剪力占整个截面所受剪力比例的计算公式;运用能量原理推导了挠度的计算公式。分析表明：在完全忽略波形钢腹板弯曲刚度的情况下,其剪应力沿梁高是不变的;波形钢腹板承担的剪力比例一般在80％以上;在设计常用的高跨比下,波形腹板剪切变形引起的挠度不可忽略。在此基础上,进行了1根模型梁的试验研究,理论分析值与试验结果、空间有限元计算值吻合良好,说明本文理论公式可以在设计中应用。