土地资源可持续利用中的利益均衡:土地发展权配置

土地是社会的、政治的、经济的权利源泉,它反映了一定的社会经济结构。土地的制度演变是一个有关利益主体的社会博弈过程。实行土地资源整理有利于提高土地利用效率,是解决社会发展中土地供求矛盾的有效途径,选择利益均衡的土地整理策略能优化土地资源的社会经济效用,其中土地发展权的创设与合理配置是实现土地资源可持续利用的关键。     

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客运交通需求预测是道路交通规划的基础.根据开发区道路交通规划一般为宏观控制性规划，及开发区客运交通需求发展不同于一般城市的交通发展的特点，以土地利用规划为基础，按照“宏观控制，局部调整”的预测思路，对常规的“四阶段”模型预测法进行了改进，提出了在没有现状交通出行调查的情况下进行开发区客运交通需求预测的方法.     

基于波束形成和双目视觉的行驶汽车噪声源识别

提出一种基于波束形成原理,声阵列与双目视觉相结合的行驶汽车噪声源识别方法。通过对两台摄像机所拍摄图像的分析,计算出车辆的实时位置;将运动过程划分为若干时段进行声场重建,得出汽车行驶过程中的动态声场视频。试验结果表明,应用该方法能够准确识别运动中汽车的主要噪声源,且可更加直观地看到汽车噪声的动态变化。     

新建铁路客车上水站点布设规划的原则

现行的新建改建铁路的客车上水站点布设的原则通常是依照《铁路给水排水设计规范》按间距确定,合理性有所欠缺.本文从分析影响新建铁路客车上水站点布设的各种因素着手,研究并提出了列车途中用水供需平衡模式,按运行时间和运行距离结合的原则,通过理论计算确定新建改建铁路客车上水站点的布设规划.     

Entropy-based estimation of transfers in a terminal

An intermodal transportation terminal is a facility that provides commuters with easy transfer between transit modes and providers such as buses, light rail, subway, taxis, airport shuttles, and commuter rail. The probability of a passenger transferring from one mode to another and the estimation of total transfer demand are of great importance to both practitioners and researchers when determining optimal design alternatives as well as the best control and management policies for daily operation of the terminal. This article presents a study that uses an entropy-based optimization approach to estimate the transfer demands between the available transportation modes in an intermodal transportation terminal. The development and calibration of the entropy model is presented in the first part of the article, which is followed by a case study of the SiHui Intermodal Terminal in Beijing, China.     

A distributed origin–destination demand estimation approach for real-time traffic network management

Abstract

This paper describes a distributed recursive heuristic approach for the origin–destination demand estimation problem for real-time traffic network management applications. The distributed nature of the heuristic enables its parallelization and hence reduces significantly its processing time. Furthermore, the heuristic reduces dependency on historical data that are typically used to map the observed link flows to their corresponding origin–destination pairs. In addition, the heuristic allows the incorporation of any available partial information on the demand distribution in the study area to improve the overall estimation accuracy. The heuristic is implemented following a hierarchal multi-threading mechanism. Dividing the study area into a set of subareas, the demand of every two adjacent subareas is merged in a separate thread. The merging operations continue until the demand for the entire study area is estimated. Experiments are conducted to examine the performance of the heuristic using hypothetical and real networks. The obtained results illustrate that the heuristic can achieve reasonable demand estimation accuracy while maintaining superiority in terms of processing time.     

Transportation planning for special events: a review of expo 86 in Vancouver

The authors examine the problems of transportation planning for special events such as Worlds Fairs, Olympic Games etc., and use as a case study the experiences gained at EXPO 86 in Vancouver. Results indicate that sufficient flexibility exists in the urban infrastructure to accommodate the transport access and parking requirements of major, short‐term special events.     

跨座式单轨固定铸钢支座接触应力研究

为了研究跨座式单轨固定铸钢支座铰轴与摆孔之间的接触应力,应用Hertz接触理论,分析影响铸钢支座接触应力的主要因素。采用有限元数值模拟的方法,借助ABAQUS有限元分析软件,建立固定支座的三维有限元模型,通过计算得到固定支座的接触应力。对支座进行静力荷载试验,对比试验结果与有限元计算结果,验证有限元分析结果的可靠性。最后借助有限元分析手段,计算铰轴直径变化对接触应力的影响。结果表明,固定支座在设计静力荷载作用下的接触应力满足要求,并且铰轴材料具有较大的强度富余;铰轴直径的尺寸会影响支座接触应力的大小,且存在最优铰轴直径使支座接触应力最小,可以为铸钢支座结构的设计与优化提供指导。     

看跌期权在集装箱租赁契约中的应用研究

本文将看跌期权引入到集装箱租赁契约中,针对单个集装箱租赁公司和单个承运人组成的单周期、两阶段集装箱租赁服务链,建立了基于看跌期权的承运人决策模型,推导出承运人的最优租箱量和最优期权执行量及其利润函数。同时,文章通过算例分析得出：在需求低迷情况下,与传统契约模型相比较,看跌期权的引入有利于提高承运人的利润,而且随着期权执行价格和需求信息更新准确性的提高,承运人的利润会逐渐增加。     

A generalized sensor location model for the estimation of network origin–destination matrices

This study examined the network sensor location problem by using heterogeneous sensor information to estimate link-based network origin–destination (O–D) demands. The proposed generalized sensor location model enables different sensors’ traffic monitoring capabilities to be used efficiently and the optimal number and deployment locations of both passive- and active-type sensors to be determined simultaneously without path enumeration. The proposed sensor location model was applied to solve the network O–D demand estimation problem. One unique aspect of the proposed model and solution algorithms is that they provide satisfactory network O–D demand estimates without requiring unreasonable assumptions of known prior information on O–D demands, turning proportions, or route choice probabilities. Therefore, the proposed model and solution algorithms can be practically used in numerous offline transportation planning and online traffic operation applications.