钢桁梁悬索桥抖振响应及其影响参数分析

钢桁梁是双层桥面悬索桥及峡谷地区悬索桥常用的加劲梁形式,该类加劲梁构件众多、阻风面积大,在脉动风荷载作用下的抖振响应非常显著。采用Davenport抖振频域方法对某钢桁梁悬索桥的顺风向、横风向及扭转方向的抖振响应进行分析。抖振有限元频域分析表明:抖振位移主要由加劲梁各方向的1阶振动模态控制,高阶模态的参与效应可以忽略;对于抖振加速度,高阶模态有较大贡献。进一步研究了定常及非定常自激气动力形式对气动阻尼的影响,结果表明准定常自激力描述竖向及侧向模态的气动阻尼具有足够的精度,但描述扭转模态的气动阻尼还存在很大的近似性。     

Sanders中长圆柱壳理论及其在海洋工程中的应用(英文)

The cylindrical shell is one of the main structural parts in ocean engineering structures.These cylinders are mostly of medium length,which means that the radius of the cross section is significantly smaller than the length of the cylindrical shell.From the viewpoint of the shell theory,they belong to the mid-long cylindrical shell category.To solve mechanical problems on this kind of structure,especially a cracked cylindrical shell,analysis based on shell theory is necessary.At present the generally used solving system for the mid-long cylindrical shell is too complicated,difficult to solve,and inapplicable to engineering.This paper introduced the Sanders’ mid-long cylindrical shell theory which reduces the difficulty of the solution process,and will be suitable for solving problems with complicated boundary conditions.On this basis,the engineering applications of this theory were discussed in conjunction with the problem of a mid-long cylindrical shell having a circumferential crack.The solution process is simple,and the closed form solution can usually be found.In practical engineering applications,it gives satisfactory precision.     

双层圆柱壳典型基座振动波传递特性优化分析

采用波动分析法,根据不均质结构中的阻抗特性和波型转换,分析振动噪声在典型双层壳结构中的传递特性。以此为切入点,采用有限元/边界元(FEM/BEM)耦合法分析人为构造的传递损失基座的减振降噪性能。通过对组合板振动波的传递特性的分析可以得出,当定常结构发生突变时,结构阻抗也会随之发生变化,导致结构之间的阻抗失配,从而使得振动波在突变截面处发生反射和透射,降低振动波的传递效率,阻隔振动波能量向下游结构传递。然后,据此理论设计了传递损失基座,并用有限元/边界元耦合法验证了传递损失基座的减振降噪性能。     

Motorcycle suspension design using matrix inequalities and passivity constraints

This paper presents a design methodology for the suspension system of a novel aerodynamically efficient motorcycle. Since the machine’s layout and the rider’s seating position are unconventional, several aspects of the machine design, including the suspension, must be reviewed afresh. The design process is based on matrix inequalities that are used to optimise a road-grip objective function – others could be used equally well. The design problem is cast as the minimisation of an H ₂ cost with passivity constraints imposed on the suspension transference. The resulting bilinear matrix inequality problem is solved using a locally optimal iterative algorithm. The matrix inequality-type characterisation of positive real functions permits the optimisation of the suspension system over an entire class of passive admittances. Torsional springs, dampers and inerters are then used to construct networks corresponding to the optimal (positive real) admittances. Networks of first, second, third and fourth orders are considered, and an argument based on the compromise between complexity and improved grip is made for the most suitable suspension configuration. Finally, the effects of improved road grip on the stability of the vehicle’s lateral dynamics are analysed.     

Assessment of a semi-Hertzian method for determination of wheel–rail contact patch

Wheel–rail contact calculations are essential for simulating railway vehicle dynamic behavior. Currently, these simulations usually use the Hertz contact theory to calculate normal forces and Kalker's ‘FASTSIM’ program to evaluate tangential stresses. Since 1996, new methods called semi-Hertzian have appeared: 5 Kik, W. and Piotrowski, J. A fast approximate method to calculate normal load at contact between wheel and rail and creep forces during rolling. Paper presented at the 2nd Mini-conference on Contact Mechanics and Wear of Rail/Wheel Systems. July29–31, Budapest.  [Google Scholar] 7 Ayasse, J. B., Chollet, H. and Maupu, J. L. 2000. Paramètres caractéristiques du contact roue-rail. Rapport de Recherche INRETS n225, ISSN 0768–9756 (in French) [Google Scholar] (STRIPES). These methods attempt to estimate the non-elliptical contact patches with a discrete extension of the Hertz theory. As a continuation of 2 Ayasse, J. B and Chollet, H. 2005. Determination of the wheel–rail contact patch in semi-Hertzian conditions. Vehicle System Dynamics, 43(3) [Google Scholar], a validation of the STRIPES method for normal problem computing on three test cases is proposed in this article. The test cases do not fulfill the hypothesis required for the Hertz theory. Then, the Kalker's FASTSIM algorithm is adapted to STRIPES patch calculus to perform tangential forces computation. This adaptation is assessed using Kalker's CONTACT algorithm.     

基于Logit模型的大连市居民通勤出行行为研究

针对大连市主城区进行通勤出行方式的意向偏好调查.选取7家企事业单位的200名驾车通勤者作为研究对象,建立以私家车、公共汽车为选择对象的二元Logit模型,研究停车收费及公交服务水平的变化对不同特性停车者的出行选择方式影响.结果表明:停车收费费率及公交服务水平对城市居民的通勤出行方式选择有显著影响.将合理的停车收费体系与提高公共交通服务水平相结合,是一种优秀的交通需求管理手段.     

基于出行目的停车行为差异性分析

根据驾车者出行目的的不同,将其停车行为划分为通勤出行停车、非通勤出行停车和居民区停车。在对大连市中心城区的大型企事业单位、商业中心以及居住区进行停车行为调研的基础上,总结出各种停车行为的停车需求特点及相互之间的差异,并据此提出了3种出行目的的停车行为的需求管理措施。     

基于交通流理论的公交站点间行程时间预测

分析了公交站点间车辆运行过程,将行程预测时间划分为交叉口排队等待时间、路段行驶时间和停站时间3个部分,利用交通波理论和延误三角形,分别建立了无公交专用车道和有公交专用车道2种情况下排队等待时间的动态预测模型;根据乘客到站规律和上下车规律,提出了公交车进站停靠时间模型;针对无公交专用车道条件下的时间预测方法进行了实例演算.实验数据表明,基于交通波行程时间预测方法具有较高的精度,可以满足站点间行程时间预报要求.     

航空公司直销渠道竞合动态重复博弈研究

引入航空公司直销渠道竞争与合作静态一次博弈模型,分析了博弈的结果,从而得到航空公司直销渠道合作与竞争的纳什均衡策略.航空公司之间的博弈是一种长期博弈,因此在静态一次性博弈模型基础上,建立航空公司直销渠道竞争与合作的动态重复博弈模型,结果表明航空公司应该采取长期合作策略.     

考虑初应力的哑铃型钢管混凝土拱肋极限承载力统一解

为了研究钢管初应力对钢管混凝土拱肋极限承载力的影响,针对实际工程中普遍采用的哑铃型钢管混凝土拱肋,考虑中间主应力、材料拉压比、初应力、初始缺陷、矢跨比和长细比等因素的影响,采用统一强度理论和修正的等效梁柱法,推导出一个新的初应力影响系数的计算公式,并建立其极限承载力的统一解。应用提出的计算公式分别对有、无初应力的哑铃型钢管混凝土拱肋的极限承载力进行计算,并将无初应力拱肋的计算结果与相关文献的试验结果及计算结果进行对比。分析结果表明：所提出的计算公式具有较好的精确度,验证了该计算方法的可行性;研究结果可为工程应用提供参考。