预应力组合箱梁抗弯承载能力影响参数分析

为对预应力组合箱梁的设计提供参考,利用简化塑性理论对完全剪力连接的预应力组合梁的抗弯承载力影响参数(混凝土和钢梁强度、预应力筋初始张拉力、预应力筋布筋形式、转向块数量)进行分析。分析结果表明:在截面尺寸受限制时,提高钢梁强度能够有效提高预应力组合梁的抗弯承载力;增加预应力筋的数量可较明显地提高梁体的抗弯承载力;预应力筋采用折线布筋形式时,可提高预应力初始张拉值,以提高预应力组合梁的弹性承载力;转向块布置数量越多,预应力增量越大,二次效应影响越小,预应力组合梁抗弯承载力越高。     

SPA方法在地铁运营基础安全现状评价中的应用

以评级分数确定地铁运营基础安全现状的传统评价方法,未能考虑到地铁运营安全评价指标的确定性与不确定性问题。因此,通过引进集对分析理论的“三划分”思想,把区间评定值转化成同异反联系数的形式,构建了具有元素权重的地铁运营基础安全现状评价结果的三元联系度函数模型。应用该模型分析某地铁集团下属5条地铁线路运营基础安全现状评价结果的权重联系度、集对势、悲观势、同一度、差异度以及对立度,结果表明：这些指标形象而客观地揭示了5条地铁线路运营的基础安全现状及变化趋势。     

智能网联汽车测试场设计理论与实务

智能网联汽车测试场设计需要将传统道路工程与新兴智慧交通工程深度融合,兼顾道路基础设施与智慧交通设施设计要求,引入互联网企业迭代与共享思维,提出测试相对集中、柔性可控可测、专用共享统筹、标准适度超前的基本设计理论,并结合国内外多个测试场地情况,进行了完整解析.     

湖北省高速公路改扩建建设需求及建设时序浅析

随着经济的快速发展及高速公路的快速建设,湖北省高速公路建设将由规模扩张向增效扩容转变,高速公路改扩建也将成为湖北省今后一段时间内的建设重点,而研判一段时间内高速公路改扩建项目的建设需求及建设时序势必也将成为相关规划编制的重要内容及关键性问题之一.论述高速公路改扩建建设需求及建设时序的判定方法和思路,分析湖北省高速公路改扩建建设需求的主要来源和建设时序判定需遵循的基本原则,以供编制相关规划参考.     

滚石运动模拟分析与危险性评价

随着公路在山区的建设和使用,危岩体不断地威胁着公路的安全使用。以茂县渭门乡危岩体为例,运用Rockfall软件对滚石的运动轨迹、冲击动能进行模拟,并通过赫兹碰撞理论、质点弹性理论接触问题两种计算方法,分析和求解滚石对行车的最大冲击力;从而得到滚石下落的落点区域主要集中在公路上、滚石下落到公路区域时的动能以及滚石撞击汽车时最大冲击力,综合判定危岩体对公路安全使用造成的危害,必须采取有效措施加以防治,确保安全。     

A fast-simplified wheel–rail contact model consistent with perfect plastic materials

A method is described which is an extension of rolling contact models with respect to plasticity. This new method, which is an extension of the STRIPES semi-Hertzian (SH) model, has been implemented in a multi-body-system (MBS) package and does not result in a longer execution time than the STRIPES SH model [J.B. Ayasse and H. Chollet, Determination of the wheel–rail contact patch in semi-Hertzian conditions, Veh. Syst. Dyn. 43(3) (2005), pp. 161–172]. High speed of computation is obtained by some hypotheses about the plastic law, the shape of stresses, the locus of the maximum stress and the slip. Plasticity does not change the vehicle behaviour but there is a need for an extension of rolling contact models with respect to plasticity as far as fatigue analysis of rail is concerned: rolling contact fatigue may be addressed via the finite element method (FEM) including material non-linearities, where loads are the contact stresses provided by the post-processing of MBS results [K. Dang Van, M.H. Maitournam, Z. Moumni, and F. Roger, A comprehensive approach for modeling fatigue and fracture of rails, Eng. Fract. Mech. 76 (2009), pp. 2626–2636]. In STRIPES, like in other MBS models, contact stresses may exceed the plastic yield criterion, leading to wrong results in the subsequent FEM analysis. With the proposed method, contact stresses are kept consistent with a perfect plastic law, avoiding these problems. The method is benchmarked versus non-linear FEM in Hertzian geometries. As a consequence of taking plasticity into account, contact patch area is bigger than the elastic one. In accordance with FEM results, a different ellipse aspect ratio than the one predicted by Hertz theory was also found and finally pressure does not exceed the threshold prescribed by the plastic law. The method also provides more exact results with non-Hertzian geometries. The new approach is finally compared with non-linear FEM in a tangent case with a unidirectional load and a complete slip: when plasticity is taken into account, and for large adhesion values, friction forces have an influence on the size of the contact patch. The proposed approach enables also to assess extensively the level of plasticity along a track through an indicator associated with a given yield stress.     

基于协同环境下城市客车自顶向下设计

针对传统自底向上设计模式效率低的问题，研究基于三维CAD协同设计环境，借助公理设计理论（AD理论）的评审准则，构建模型数据层次构架；采用发明问题解决理论（TRIZ理论）的矛盾解决原理，协调模型构建过程冲突问题，从而建立协同环境下城市客车自顶向下设计的运行模式。为企业缩短产品开发时间，提升零部件通用性提供理论及实践参考。     

浅谈基于“理实一体化”的汽车专业实训基地建设研究

在中国"十二五"规划当中,汽车工业被明确列为中国的支柱产业,中国汽车销售量已经连续四年位居世界第一,已经变成了汽车生产与消费的成果。为此,汽车未来的发展市场十分巨大。将汽车的维修与营销当作基础,才能为汽车后续的市场提供更多的商机。面对这样的市场,高职学院在培养汽车后市场人才方面发挥着十分重要的作用。文章应该将重点放在研究汽车专业人才培养的实训教育中,从而推动"理实一体化"实训基地建设的发展。     

道路路阻函数模型及适用性研究

交通诱导系统中两节点间最优路径的选择是目前的一个难点问题,其中路阻函数的确定是路径优化的核心内容.针对交通流由畅通状态到拥挤状态再到堵塞状态的过程,应用经典交通流理论和实际调查数据,构建交通流诱导系统分段路阻函数模型,以q=10veh/h为一个单位,对函数进行分段拟合,构建高速公路和城市快速路下的分段路阻函数,并对其适应性进行拟合分析.应用结果表明:在不同的流量范围内,高速公路和城市快速路分段路阻函数在自由流状态、高密度状态和低密度条件下适合不同的分段函数.     

The causal relationship between GDP and domestic air passenger traffic in Brazil

Abstract

This paper examines the causal relationship between economic growth and domestic air passenger transport in Brazil, using Granger's causality test. Total domestic passenger-kilometres are used as a proxy for air transport demand and gross domestic product as a proxy for economic growth. The test spans the period from 1966 to 2006. The results lead to the acceptance of the hypothesis that there is a unidirectional Granger causal relationship from economic growth to domestic air transport demand in Brazil, having a high elasticity in the short term.