轮轴微机控制超声波自动探伤机存在漏探问题的探讨

针对轮轴微机控制超声波自动探伤机存在漏探问题的调查与分析,提出了针对性的解决方案和建议。     

Improved vehicle classification from dual-loop detectors in congested traffic

Vehicle classification is an important traffic parameter for transportation planning and infrastructure management. Length-based vehicle classification from dual loop detectors is among the lowest cost technologies commonly used for collecting these data. Like many vehicle classification technologies, the dual loop approach works well in free flow traffic. Effective vehicle lengths are measured from the quotient of the detector dwell time and vehicle traversal time between the paired loops. This approach implicitly assumes that vehicle acceleration is negligible, but unfortunately at low speeds this assumption is invalid and length-based classification performance degrades in congestion.To addresses this problem, we seek a solution that relies strictly on the measured effective vehicle length and measured speed. We analytically evaluate the feasible range of true effective vehicle lengths that could underlie a given combination of measured effective vehicle length, measured speed, and unobserved acceleration at a dual loop detector. From this analysis we find that there are small uncertainty zones where the measured length class can differ from the true length class, depending on the unobserved acceleration. In other words, a given combination of measured speed and measured effective vehicle length falling in the uncertainty zones could arise from vehicles with different true length classes. Outside of the uncertainty zones, any error in the measured effective vehicle length due to acceleration will not lead to an error in the measured length class. Thus, by mapping these uncertainty zones, most vehicles can be accurately sorted to a single length class, while the few vehicles that fall within the uncertainty zones are assigned to two or more classes. We find that these uncertainty zones remain small down to about 10 mph and then grow exponentially as speeds drop further.Using empirical data from stop-and-go traffic at a well-tuned loop detector station the best conventional approach does surprisingly well; however, our new approach does even better, reducing the classification error rate due to acceleration by at least a factor of four relative to the best conventional method. Meanwhile, our approach still assigns over 98% of the vehicles to a single class.     

Macroscopic Fundamental Diagrams: A cross-comparison of estimation methods

This paper aims to cross-compare existing estimation methods for the Macroscopic Fundamental Diagram. Raw data are provided by a mesoscopic simulation tool for two typical networks that mimic an urban corridor and a meshed urban center. We mainly focus on homogenous network loading in order to fairly cross-compare the different methods with the analytical reference. It appears that the only way to estimate the MFD without bias is to have the full information of vehicle trajectories over the network and to apply Edie’s definitions. Combining information from probes (mean network speed) and loop detectors (mean network flow) also provides accurate results even for low sampling rate (<10%). Loop detectors fail to provide a good estimation for mean network speed or density because they cannot capture the traffic spatial dynamics over links. This paper proposes a simple adjustment technic in order to reduce the discrepancy when only loop detectors are available.     

An extended generalized filter algorithm for urban expressway traffic time estimation based on heterogeneous data

Travel time estimation and its variation for urban expressways are vital to both the information provision to road users, and the system evaluation and management for traffic administrators. Fruitful research efforts have been made to develop methodologies of reconstructing spatiotemporal traffic states mainly for freeways based on one or multiple data sources. However, few studies specifically focused on urban expressways. There are more intensive merging and diverging traffic due to short distances between ramps, for example, 300–500 m. Based on the empirical analysis of traffic data collected on a typical segment of a congested urban expressway, this study proposes an extended generalized filter algorithm for the urban expressway traffic state estimation based on heterogeneous data. More specifically, the multiple sources of data include both fixed sensor data (e.g., inductive loops or radar data) and global positioning system (GPS) probe vehicle data. This study compares the proposed algorithm and the traditional algorithm for freeways using data collected on the segment of expressway in Beijing, China. Results demonstrate the advantage of the proposed method, as well as its feasibility and effectiveness.     

某船机舱局部细水雾灭火系统的风险分析和应对措施

机舱局部细水雾灭火系统具有环保、高效、灵活等优势,已广泛应用于船舶消防系统中,近几年在军用舰船上也得到运用。文中介绍了机舱局部细水雾灭火系统的原理和应用特性,结合某型船的实际运用情况,分析了影响系统安全使用的风险因素及应对方案。为更好地发挥该系统在船舶消防系统的优势,提出了若干设计改进意见。     

基于SENSYS地磁检测器的城市道路交通状态分析

近年来,地磁检测器逐步取代环形线圈检测器,成为城市智能交通检测设备的主流趋势。基于SENSYS地磁检测器获取的交通信息数据,通过拥挤量化指标的确定、数据的处理、等效通行能力的标定、模型的构建,分析识别路段各个车道的交通状态,进而确定整个路段的交通状态,为交通管理者决策提供合理有效的交通状态信息。     

基于浮动车数据的交通事件参数特性研究

利用微观交通仿真软件Vissim搭建交通事件环境,对在不同堵塞程度和不同交通流量的交通事件情况下,浮动车采集的浮动车速、行程时间、浮动车位置等移动检测交通参数变化特性进行了分析比较,总结出交通事件情况下的浮动车移动检测各交通参数变化规律,并以此为基础对模式识别法、统计预测法、时间序列和智能算法等4种基于浮动车数据的交通事件检测算法进行了探讨,具有覆盖面广、成本低等特点。     

神经网络于拥挤指针之研究

拥挤是国内外用来描述路况最通俗的代名词,主要在于简单易懂;目前以车速间距发布拥挤等级的方式常会发生与用路人主观之行车拥挤感知经验不符的现象。文中以路段固定侦测器之实时交通参数、CCTV信息画面,结合类神经网络理论,探究群体用路人于号志化干道上之拥挤感知。以台15线为例,进行主观拥挤指针之模式建构与评估。     

检波器在鱼雷引信系统中应用分析

针对鱼雷引信中所采用的同步检波器与包络检波器,本文对检波器在引信系统中的应用进行了分析。在运用数学方法对检波器的原理进行推导的基础上,仿真分析和比较了两种检波器的解调性能以及抗噪声性能,为进一步研究鱼雷引信系统抗干扰能力提供了参考依据。     

基于DTA的OD估计方法的交通检测器优化布置模型研究

论文在探讨了动态交通分配和动态0D估计背景下的交通检测器优化问题的基础上，提出了基于DTA的动态OD估计方法的交通检测器布置原则；从预算，对路网中交通流量信息的覆盖程度，对关键路段的检测、对重复检测器的剔除等方面对路网交通检测方案进行约束，建立了交通检测器优化布置模型；最后将遗传算法用于交通检测器优化布置模型的求解，证明了基于DTA的动态0D估计方法的交通检测器优化布置模型的有效性。论文方法概念清楚、操作简单，是交通检测器优化布置的一种可行方法。