固定型交通检测器配置密度优化模型

分析检测器布设主要有2个目标,即数量最少、利用率最高;由于这2个目标间存在着“不可公度性”和“矛盾性”,构成了多目标决策问题,以此建立相应的多目标规划模型。此模型避免传统布设方法中存在的局限性和盲目性,可以较好地解决固定型检测器配置密度优化问题。     

基于环形线圈检测器采集信息的交通状态分类方法应用研究

在智能交通系统中,交通状态判别算法通常被用来进行道路环境中实时交通状态的判断。这些算法将外场设备采集到的实时交通流数据与既有的交通状态分类标准特征作比较,来识别交通系统运行的状态。应用聚类分析方法,结合数据预备技术和交通工程技术,对环形线圈监测系统采集的交通流基础特征数据进行挖掘,实现了一种交通状态分类方法,并对交通管理控制系统中实时交通状态的判断识别提供可靠的参照标准。     

城市道路固定型交通检测器布局优化模型

交通信息采集是智能交通系统的重要基础,准确、可靠的数据是动态交通管理、控制的重要保障。分析影响检测器布局的因素,主要包括交通流的特性、道路交通环境、居民出行路径的选择等,提出基于检测器利用率最优的规划模型。探讨模型参数的计算方法,根据观测样本的均值和方差计算交通量波动系数,用最短路径法计算路段客观重要度。阐述模型的求解过程,通过比较几种传统优化算法的优缺点,设计改进隐枚举算法,并给出具体步骤。     

基于单截面低频检测数据的信号交叉口排队长度估计

针对我国大多数中小城市信号交叉口交通检测数据条件及基于此数据条件下存在的信号交叉口排队长度估计精度不高问题,研究了基于单截面低频定点检测数据的信号交叉口排队长度估计模型.利用时间占有率与流量、速度之间的函数关系对长排队(排队长度超出检测器位置)进行识别.根据信号配时数据切分低频检测器数据,并与信号配时数据匹配.基于交通波理论,通过关键点的判别求取周期最大排队长度.以青岛市山东路-江西路南进口为例进行仿真和实证验证.结果显示,长排队的识别精度达到了90% 以上,不同饱和度下(低、中、高)的信号交叉口排队长度估计精度均达到了80% 以上,其中,中、低饱和度场景下排队长度平均绝对误差小于20 m/cycle,高饱和度场景下排队长度平均绝对误差小于45 m/cycle.     

NM-3型多球中子检测仪的设计和测量数据处理

对放射性仪器在使用、运输和存放过程中进行实时有效的中子监测是十分必要的。设计了一种新型的中子周围剂量当量（率）监测装置,以多球的聚乙烯材料作为慢化体,采用He-3中子探测器,使用外围计算机进行解谱和辐射防护量计算。通过对Am—Be中子参考源辐射场进行测试和数据处理验证,该装置长期稳定性较好,数据可信,可用在含有中子源的装置或材料的监测领域。     

基于局部路网空间结构特征的无检测器路段交通流预测方法

城市路网中存在大量尚未布设交通检测器的路段,其交通流数据难以获取,不利于开展精准路网管理,为此提出了利用局部路网空间结构特征预测无检测器路段交通流量的方法。基于有检测器路段的海量交通流数据,分析局部路网空间结构特征与路段交通流量之间的相关性;根据路网拓扑关系使用多元线性回归算法估计所有的有检测器交叉口交通流分配权重,并使用多元线性回归算法进一步挖掘局部路网空间结构特征对交通流分配权重的影响;结合空间特征影响度系数、无检测器路段所在的局部路网的空间结构特征及相邻路段的交通流,对无检测器路段进行交通流预测。实验结果表明,路段道路类型、相邻路段数量及相邻路段道路类型这3类局部路网空间结构特征与路段交通流量相关性显著,采用基于空间特征影响度系数对局部路网中只有单个相邻上游和具有多个相邻上游的无检测器路段进行预测,发现其平均误差分别在8%和22%左右。     

Long short-term memory neural network for traffic speed prediction using remote microwave sensor data

Neural networks have been extensively applied to short-term traffic prediction in the past years. This study proposes a novel architecture of neural networks, Long Short-Term Neural Network (LSTM NN), to capture nonlinear traffic dynamic in an effective manner. The LSTM NN can overcome the issue of back-propagated error decay through memory blocks, and thus exhibits the superior capability for time series prediction with long temporal dependency. In addition, the LSTM NN can automatically determine the optimal time lags. To validate the effectiveness of LSTM NN, travel speed data from traffic microwave detectors in Beijing are used for model training and testing. A comparison with different topologies of dynamic neural networks as well as other prevailing parametric and nonparametric algorithms suggests that LSTM NN can achieve the best prediction performance in terms of both accuracy and stability.     

Data fusion algorithm for macroscopic fundamental diagram estimation

A promising framework that describes traffic conditions in urban networks is the macroscopic fundamental diagram (MFD), relating average flow and average density in a relatively homogeneous urban network. It has been shown that the MFD can be used, for example, for traffic access control. However, an implementation requires an accurate estimation of the MFD with the available data sources.Most scientific literature has considered the estimation of MFDs based on either loop detector data (LDD) or floating car data (FCD). In this paper, however, we propose a methodology for estimating the MFD based on both data sources simultaneously. To that end, we have defined a fusion algorithm that separates the urban network into two sub-networks, one with loop detectors and one without. The LDD and the FCD are then fused taking into account the accuracy and network coverage of each data type. Simulations of an abstract grid network and the network of the city of Zurich show that the fusion algorithm always reduces the estimation error significantly with respect to an estimation where only one data source is used. This holds true, even when we account for the fact that the probe penetration rate of FCD needs to be estimated with loop detectors, hence it might also include some errors depending on the number of loop detectors, especially when probe vehicles are not homogeneously distributed within the network.     

A data fusion approach for real-time traffic state estimation in urban signalized links

Real-time estimation of the traffic state in urban signalized links is valuable information for modern traffic control and management. In recent years, with the development of in-vehicle and communication technologies, connected vehicle data has been increasingly used in literature and practice. In this work, a novel data fusion approach is proposed for the high-resolution (second-by-second) estimation of queue length, vehicle accumulation, and outflow in urban signalized links. Required data includes input flow from a fixed detector at the upstream end of the link as well as location and speed of the connected vehicles. A probability-based approach is derived to compensate the error associated with low penetration rates while estimating the queue tail location, which renders the proposed methodology more robust to varying penetration rates of connected vehicles. A well-defined nonlinear function based on traffic flow theory is developed to attain the number of vehicles inside the queue based on queue tail location and average speed of connected vehicles. The overall scheme is thoroughly tested and demonstrated in a realistic microscopic simulation environment for three types of links with different penetration rates of connected vehicles. In order to test the efficiency of the proposed methodology in case that data are available at higher sampling times, the estimation procedure is also demonstrated for different time resolutions. The results demonstrate the efficiency and accuracy of the approach for high-resolution estimation, even in the presence of measurement noise.     

海上油气平台可燃气体探测器的布置、选型、安装和维护

在海上平台油气生产中，有效地利用可燃气体探测器来检测海上生产设备的泄漏状况，并及时采取相应的保护措施，是保证油气生产和人身安全的重要一环。但目前对海上油气平台可燃气体探测器工程设计的系统研究却鲜见于国内外的工程文献中，针对这一现状，在研究国内外现有规范和标准以及工程设计经验的基础上，通过分析可能产生泄漏的工艺设备、可燃气体性质和外部环境等因素来确定可燃气体探测器的物理位置，同时完成可燃气体探测器的选型，并根据现场的工作环境合理安装可燃气体探测器，最后总结探测器使用维护中需要注意的问题。对可燃气体探测器的布置、选型、安装和维护的系统总结和分析研究为海上平台火气系统的设计提供了技术支持，从而进一步保障海上油气平台的生产安全。