长江中游湖广—罗湖洲水道河床演变与航道整治思路研究

文章根据长江中游湖广—罗湖洲水道近年来实测资料,分析了该河段航道存在的主要问题、河床演变特点和碍航特性,结合模型研究成果,对该段河道及航道演变趋势进行了预测。在此基础上,根据该段浅滩碍航特征和航道整治目标,提出航道整治思路和治理方案。     

市域尺度下区域物流发展水平时空演化分析

为分析区域物流发展水平时空演化特性,基于2011～2017年黑龙江省12个地级市物流发展数据,在确定区域物流发展水平测度指标的基础上,利用熵值-加权综合评价模型评估区域物流发展水平,利用差异指数测度区域物流发展差异,利用ArcGIS空间分析技术分析区域物流发展水平的时空演化规律.研究结果表明:黑龙江省区域物流发展相对缓...     

Evolution of the household vehicle fleet: Anticipating fleet composition, PHEV adoption and GHG emissions in Austin, Texas

In today’s world of volatile fuel prices and climate concerns, there is little study on the relationship between vehicle ownership patterns and attitudes toward vehicle cost (including fuel prices and feebates) and vehicle technologies. This work provides new data on ownership decisions and owner preferences under various scenarios, coupled with calibrated models to microsimulate Austin’s personal-fleet evolution.Opinion survey results suggest that most Austinites (63%, population-corrected share) support a feebate policy to favor more fuel efficient vehicles. Top purchase criteria are price, type/class, and fuel economy. Most (56%) respondents also indicated that they would consider purchasing a Plug-in Hybrid Electric Vehicle (PHEV) if it were to cost $6000 more than its conventional, gasoline-powered counterpart. And many respond strongly to signals on the external (health and climate) costs of a vehicle’s emissions, more strongly than they respond to information on fuel cost savings.Twenty five-year simulations of Austin’s household vehicle fleet suggest that, under all scenarios modeled, Austin’s vehicle usage levels (measured in total vehicle miles traveled or VMT) are predicted to increase overall, along with average vehicle ownership levels (both per household and per capita). Under a feebate, HEVs, PHEVs and Smart Cars are estimated to represent 25% of the fleet’s VMT by simulation year 25; this scenario is predicted to raise total regional VMT slightly (just 2.32%, by simulation year 25), relative to the trend scenario, while reducing CO₂ emissions only slightly (by 5.62%, relative to trend). Doubling the trend-case gas price to $5/gallon is simulated to reduce the year-25 vehicle use levels by 24% and CO₂ emissions by 30% (relative to trend).Two- and three-vehicle households are simulated to be the highest adopters of HEVs and PHEVs across all scenarios. The combined share of vans, pickup trucks, sport utility vehicles (SUVs), and cross-over utility vehicles (CUVs) is lowest under the feebate scenario, at 35% (versus 47% in Austin’s current household fleet). Feebate-policy receipts are forecasted to exceed rebates in each simulation year.In the longer term, gas price dynamics, tax incentives, feebates and purchase prices along with new technologies, government-industry partnerships, and more accurate information on range and recharging times (which increase customer confidence in EV technologies) should have added effects on energy dependence and greenhouse gas emissions.     

城市交通与城市空间结构演变

通过回顾城市交通和城市空间结构的发展演变过程，研究城市交通引导城市空间结构健康“生长”的有效途径，提出通过公共交通引导城市可持续发展的模式，以及适合中国特色的和谐城市形态和城市交通。     

路基拓宽工程设计方法研究

针对路基拓宽工程的实际问题,基于大量实体工程调研和理论分析,从损坏类型和损坏机理出发,揭示了路基拓宽工程中的4种损坏模式,包括路基结合部剪切开裂、新老路面结合部弯拉开裂、老路基层顶面开裂和新路基层底面开裂,建立了以变坡率为设计指标的路基拓宽设计方法;并遵循变形协调与控制的基本思想,着重提出了路基拓宽工程处治措施的选择流程,继而采用有限元计算和室内模拟试验的方法,对新老路基结合面处治、拓宽路基填料及压实度控制、路基加筋、支档结构等多种处治措施的处治机理、效果和设计施工要点进行了总结。各项研究成果对路基拓宽工程中处治措施的选择、设计和施工具有重要的借鉴和指导意义。     

东海大桥Ⅶ标主桥斜拉桥的施工控制

东海大桥Ⅶ标主桥颗珠山大桥,是一座双塔双索面结合梁斜拉桥,通过对施工的精心控制及对各种因素的详细分析,大桥的线形和索力符合设计要求,合拢精度达到了±1 mm的水平。     

老路拓宽沉降规律ANSYS有限元分析

通过分析老路拓宽工程中差异沉降研究的现状,指出了目前计算方法的不足。结合通用有限元程序AN SY S,运用粘弹性材料来模拟土体的非线性,对老路拓宽工程进行了非线性有限元分析,总结了差异沉降的规律,并依据计算结果对老路拓宽的设计提出了建议。     

非一致地震激励下大跨度斜拉桥空间响应分析

基于二维相干非一致激励功率谱模型，采用随机过程理论关于幅值、相位与功率谱的关系式，根据场地地震危险性评价和设计地震动参数合成人工地震波，考虑波动传播效应和多点激励效应，分析了某座跨长江的大跨度斜拉桥在地震激励下的空间非线性响应特性，计算了桥梁结构关键部位在地震力作用下的响应特性，并与一致激励下对应响应量进行比较。认为非一致激励下大跨斜拉桥关键部位的某些响应粱大幅增加。反应了进行非一致响应分析的必要性。     

时间多项式进化算法在旅行商问题中的研究

提出了一种模拟生物遗传的进化算法，并将该算法应用于旅行商问题得到了较好的结果，根据达尔文进化论的优化过程，结合自然选择原则提出了启发式算法，该算法的时间复杂性与快速排序策略相当。在文中利用该算法求解中国旅行商问题得到目前的最佳结果。     

The effect of the competition between cars and trucks on the evolution of the motorway transport system

Motorways, which were devised at the beginning of their history as dedicated roads intended to be traveled by cars only, are at present also traveled by considerable flows of trucks. This fact has deeply changed the motorway transport system with respect to its original conception, owing to the interactions between two categories of vehicles whose characteristics are very different. These interactions greatly increase the transport cost perceived by car drivers with respect to truck drivers. This paper studies the consequences of this cost asymmetry on the evolution of the transport system when the geometric characteristics of a motorway remain unchanged in time, while transport demand increases. By using a theoretical model of competition between cars and trucks, it is shown that, if both the geometric characteristics of a motorway and the increase rate of the activities that feed the transport demand remain unchanged over time, the competition between cars and trucks, as well as the fact that in general passengers have better transport alternatives than freight, make the increase rate of truck traffic greater than that of cars, causing a progressive increase in the proportion of trucks in the time periods in which a motorway is traveled by both the vehicle categories. Since truck traffic on motorways, at least in Europe, is very scarce on weekends and in holiday periods, in which motorways are traveled almost only by cars, these results seem to indicate a tendency to the specialization of motorways, which are likely to be used in the future mostly by only one category of vehicles in different periods of time.