邻里合乘——社区拼车常态化的探索

为了促进邻里合乘社区拼车模式不断完善以及有效推广实践、实现社区拼车常态化发展,在分析我国拼车发展现状与困境的基础上,探讨了邻里合乘社区拼车的创新理念,包括社区组织、法律支持、签订协议、社会参与四个方面。针对存在的拼车协议缺陷、拼车对象受限难推广的局限,提出邻里合乘的发展建议：扩大活动影响,寻求政策支持,从根本上突破法律等制度的困境;建立由政府支持的社区拼车试点计划,逐步将社区拼车模式推广,最终实现社区全民拼车的常态化。     

Impact of heavy vehicles on surrounding traffic characteristics

This work examines the impact of heavy vehicle movements on measured traffic characteristics in detail. Although the number of heavy vehicles within the traffic stream is only a small percentage, their impact is prominent. Heavy vehicles impose physical and psychological effects on surrounding traffic flow because of their length and size (physical) and acceleration/deceleration (operational) characteristics. The objective of this work is to investigate the differences in traffic characteristics in the vicinity of heavy vehicles and passenger cars. The analysis focuses on heavy traffic conditions (level of service E) using a trajectory data of highway I‐80 in California. The results show that larger front and rear space gaps exist for heavy vehicles compared with passenger cars. This may be because of the limitations in manoeuvrability of heavy vehicles and the safety concerns of the rear vehicle drivers, respectively. In addition, heavy vehicle drivers mainly keep a constant speed and do not change their speed frequently. This work also examines the impact of heavy vehicles on their surrounding traffic in terms of average travel time and number of lane changing manoeuvres using Advanced Interactive Microscopic Simulator for Urban and Non‐Urban Networks (AIMSUN) microscopic traffic simulation package. According to the results, the average travel time increases when proportion of heavy vehicles rises in each lane. To reflect the impact of heavy vehicles on average travel time, a term related to heavy vehicle percentage is introduced into two different travel time equations, Bureau of Public Roads and Akçelik's travel time equations. The results show that using an exclusive term for heavy vehicles can better estimate the travel times for more than 10%. Finally, number of passenger car lane changing manoeuvres per lane will be more frequent when more heavy vehicles exist in that lane. The influence of heavy vehicles on the number of passenger car lane changing is intensified in higher traffic densities and higher percentage of heavy vehicles. Large numbers of lane changing manoeuvres can increase the number of traffic accidents and potentially reduce traffic safety. The results show an increase of 5% in the likelihood of accidents, when percentage of heavy vehicles increases to 30% of total traffic. Copyright © 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

The impact of fuel availability on demand for alternative-fuel vehicles

We study the impact of fuel availability on demand for alternative-fuel vehicles, using data from a survey of potential car buyers in Germany. The survey was conducted as a computer-assisted personal interview and included a choice experiment involving cars with various fuel types. Applying a standard logit model, we show that alternative fuel availability influences choices positively, but its marginal utility diminishes with supply. Furthermore, we derive consumers’ marginal willingness-to-pay for an expanded service station network. The results suggest that a failure to expand the availability of alternative fuel stations represents a significant barrier to the widespread adoption of alternative-fuel vehicles.     

基于浮动车交通信息采集的虚拟仪器设计

交通数据探测器由于其成本高、覆盖范围小等缺点,很难满足智能交通系统的需求,将虚拟仪器技术应用于浮动车系统可以基本上解决这一问题。介绍了虚拟仪器的概念和特点,并就应用于浮动车交通信息采集的虚拟仪器进行了设计。结果表明,虚拟仪器技术,尤其是与数据融合技术相结合的虚拟仪器技术,在智能交通系统中具有十分重要的作用和广阔的应用前景。     

编组站货车信息管理系统的应用与思考

针对编组站货车管理系统的需求特点和存在的问题,结合当前计算机发展趋势,探讨了编组站货车管理信息系统中各子系统之间的信息共享和系统整合方案,论文以YIS在襄樊北编组站的实际应用为背景,详细研究了提高信息利用效率、优化统计分析、规范故障处理的途径和技术措施,提出了充分发挥各子系统潜能、更好地为编组站运输生产服务的方案.     

DC01型电动列车辅助逆变器控制器及应急起动功能的改善

上海轨道交通1号线DC01型直流传动车辆在运行中因蓄电池应急供电后电压跌落,造成辅助逆变器起动失效,从而导致车辆丧失运营能力。在分析DC01型电动列车辅助逆变器控制器构成和功能的基础上,讨论了产生该故障的原因。通过提高动作保护电流的限界值、实施智能式分级起动控制方案等措施可改善控制器的性能。     

中国汽车出口东盟市场面对的挑战及对策分析

随着时代的发展,汽车贸易出口也在逐步的增加,中国汽车的国际市场实力不容小觑.为了使中国的汽车走出国门,积极地参与竞争,就必须顺应时代的发展,拓展市场宽度.     

5G通信技术下的汽车无人驾驶技术之研究

信息化技术升级体系下5G通信技术逐渐走入人们的生活,物联网产业的高速进步也带动了其他领域的发展,汽车无人驾驶受到了越来越多的关注,将5G通信技术和汽车无人驾驶技术予以融合,能进一步推动行业的成长。本文简要介绍了5G通信技术和无人驾驶导航方式,并着重讨论5G通讯技术下汽车无人驾驶技术的应用。     

基于尾号空间分布的小汽车限行方案优化研究

提出根据各尾号小汽车空间分布特征计算尾号出行OD矩阵的方法,基于公平性原则,构建尾号限行方案优化模型.上层模型以工作日(周一~周五)车辆总走行时间最小为目标,以各工作日每辆小汽车早高峰平均走行时间基本相同且每周各尾号限行次数不大于1为约束,给出限号方案;下层模型基于用户均衡原则分配OD交通量.限号方案与分配结果相互作用,达到均衡状态时可得最优限号组合方案.为验证模型,以D市为例进行实证研究,结果表明,与基于经验的限号方案相比,优化方案下路网通行效率可提高5.35%,工作日车辆总走行时间降低0.894×105h,日均单车走行时间减少4.5 min.     

增加电动汽车续航能力的方案设计

电动汽车是一种具有广阔发展前景的绿色交通工具,是实现节能减排、解决能源和环境状况的重要措施之一。但受电动汽车电池容量和充电方式等因素的制约,并未被广泛使用,为此设计了循环电池系统和智能充电桩。本系统在较低成本状况下,既能提高电动汽车续航能力,又方便可行,为推广电动汽车,实现燃油汽车向电动汽车的转换过渡,提出了一个增加电动汽车续航能力的解决方案。