桥梁工程中的剪力滞效应

介绍了薄壁箱梁剪力滞效应及常用求解方法,通过对一具体例题的有限元求解,详细阐述了剪力滞现象的存在.剪力滞后现象使翼缘有效分布宽度的确定成为正截面承载力计算的关键,结合现行规范,对考虑箱梁有效宽度后的应力计算结果与有限元求解结果进行了对比.     

城市轨道交通与可持续发展

面对城市化进程加快带来的交通需求迅速增长和城市布局的重新调整,探讨了城市轨道交通与可持续发展的关系。首先介绍了城市交通可持续发展的3E原则。以上海市为例,通过常年的调查研究,从轨道交通网络规模效应、轨道交通与城市空间结构、轨道交通与社会公正性3个方面进行了分析。最后,总结了轨道交通促进可持续发展的基本策略,并提出了我国城市交通发展与土地开发建设的5D原则,即POD〉BOD〉TOD〉XOD〉COD。     

山区高速公路改扩建不同设计方案环境影响比较

山岭重丘区高速公路改扩建,不同的设计方案对环境的影响和破坏程度是有差异的。文中分环境要素比较了山岭重丘区高速公路改扩建不同设计方案对环境的影响程度。通过分别比较不同的建设方案、不同的改扩建路基形式、不同的路基加宽方案对环境的影响程度,提出对于山岭重丘区高速公路改扩建,在现有路线通道尚未充分发挥其潜能的情况下,尽量选择改扩建方案,以避免新建复线工程对环境的破坏影响;路基改扩建形式以单侧整体式路基加宽为宜,同时结合实际地形、地质情况,对不宜采用整体式加宽的局部路段,采用单侧分离式路基加宽形式。     

A proposal for propulsion performance prediction of a single-propeller twin-rudder ship

The influence of a rudder’s axial force on the prediction of full-scale powering performance of a ship is investigated in this paper. Axial force characteristics of different rudder types were investigated by open water experiments. Viscous scale effects on the rudder’s axial force were investigated by carrying out open water experiments with different sizes of rudder. Experiments were carried out in the towing tank for a model ship fitted with different rudder systems to investigate the influence of rudder’s axial force on full-scale propulsion performance prediction. Based on the experiment results, a new prediction method is proposed for estimating full-scale power that considers scale effect on rudder’s axial force. Good performance of the proposed prediction method is demonstrated by estimating the engine power of a ship installed with a special high lift twin-rudder system from model experiments and comparing it with the values measured on the ship during full-scale experiments.     

五连杆后悬架的后轴变形效应与转向随动性关系研究

针对某SUV转向随动性不足问题,利用后轴变形转向效应对该车五连杆后悬架上摆臂重新布置,并在ADAMS中建立了后悬架运动学模型及整车动力学模型。通过对转向盘转角阶跃输入、脉冲输入的仿真结果分析和对原车按新方案改进后进行的操纵稳定性主观试验验证表明,新方案较好地解决了转向随动性问题,减少了特殊工况时后轮侧滑及甩尾的危险性。     

超级拥挤公交网络均衡配流

使用公交路段的表示方法描述公交网络,公交路段上的出行费用受拥挤影响,公交车辆上的乘客流量受车辆运营能力限制.在拥挤影响和能力限制的双重约束下,建立公交乘客均衡配流模型,设计求解算法并给出算例.模型和算法尤其适用于高峰时期乘客流量大于线路运营能力的超级拥挤公交网络均衡配流.     

瞬变电磁与地质雷达在注浆效果检验中的应用

通过介绍注浆原理并对常规注浆效果检验方法进行比较,阐述了瞬变电磁方法和地质雷达方法引入到注浆效果检验中的必要性,进一步介绍了瞬变电磁和地质雷达的工作原理和理论支持,从而提出“物探方法和钻探方法相互补充,多种方法相互修正,理论探测与实际开挖相互验证”的综合性注浆效果评价机制,最后结合相关工程说明此机制的应用效果.     

Investigation of acoustic scale effects and boundary effects for the similitude model of underwater complex shell-structure

In this paper, the acoustic scale effects and boundary effects for the similitude model of underwater complex shell-structure are investigated. The similitude conditions and relations between the similitude model and its prototype were studied in the references. This paper investigates the acoustic scale effects for the similitude model, which are influenced by loss factor, shear and rotatory inertia. At the same time, the boundary effects which are influenced by surface sound reflection are investigated in the experiment of similitude model. The results show that the acoustic scale effects may be controlled with model designing, the boundary effects can be controlled with experimental designing between the similitude model and its prototype.     

Demand and welfare effects in recreational travel models: Accounting for substitution between number of trips and days to stay

In this paper we present a non-linear demand system for households’ joint choice of number of trips and days to spend at a destination. The approach, which facilitates welfare analysis of exogenous policy and price changes, is used empirically to study the effects of an increased CO₂ tax. In particular, we focus on the effect of including substitution between households choice of the number of trips and days to spend at a destination in the welfare analysis. The analysis reveals that the equivalent variation (EV) measure, for the count data demand system, can be seen as an upper bound for the households welfare loss. Approximating the welfare loss by the change in consumer surplus, accounting for the positive effect from longer stays, imposes a lower bound on the households welfare loss. The difference in the estimated loss measures, from the considered CO₂ tax reform, is about 20%. This emphasizes the importance of accounting for substitutions toward longer stays in travel demand policy evaluations.     

Evaluating gravel transport sustainability: A case study of Taiwan’s northeast corridor

We use social-eco-efficient analysis in the form of SEEbalance to evaluate gravel transport sustainability for trucking and two kinds of intermodal transportation. Results show that switching from trucks to intermodal transportation can improve the sustainability of gravel transportation in the northeast corridor of Taiwan. Sensitivity analysis shows that rail combined with truck intermodal transportation has competitive advantage despite the terminal’s location factor.