Speed management via in-car devices: effects,implications, perspectives

The objectives of this paper are to identify in-vehicle systems for speed management that have been or are being developed, and to suggest recommendations for the implementation of systems that will effectively influence driving speeds and thereby significantly increase safety. The best safety effect is expected from an "intelligent" gas pedal, more specifically the automatic speed limiter. However, in terms of user acceptance, this system is least liked, although, acceptance seems to improve after it has been tried out. Nonetheless, the final goal for implementation should be a mandatory speed limiter system, starting with voluntary usage supported with educational measures. A period of car producers' standardisation of ISA-systems should be followed by legislation prescribing that all new vehicles are to be fitted with the system. Finally, some questions regarding further research are outlined.     

曲线梁桥平面位移机理分析

分析了曲线梁桥平面位移的机理,探讨了影响平面位移的主要因素,并结合工程实例对影响因素进行了验证。     

在役导管架平台动态可靠性研究

针对在役海洋平台结构进行可靠性分析,动态可靠性评估是最为有效的方法。包括结构的动力可靠性和时变可靠性评估。针对海洋导管架平台的复杂环境,首先考虑结构腐蚀和损伤等因素,计及载荷效应与抗力效应的影响,并结合时间离散法,计算平台的时变可靠度。通过计算结构的传递函数和响应谱,并依据首次超越理论进行动力可靠度的计算。文章研究的方法能够为海洋平台服役期间的安全状况评估提供理论依据并为平台结构的维修提供指导。     

发动机轴承故障诊断方法的研究

针对EMD（Empirical Mode Decomposition）方法中存在的端点效应和IMF（Intrinsic Mode Function）虚假分量过多的问题,提出了基于互相关的EMD方法。首先,对非平稳性信号进行互相关延拓消除端点效应;其次,对消除端点效应的信号进行EMD分解,并将分解后的IMF与原信号作互相关,保留与原信号最相关的IMF;最后,作出信号的Hilbert边际谱,识别信号的频域特征。仿真结果表明该方法能够有效地克服端点效应,分离出真实IMF。将其应用于船舶发动机滚动轴承故障诊断中,能有效地识别出故障特征。     

The effects of lighting on driver's injury severity at highway‐rail grade crossings

This study estimates the safety effect of illumination on accidents at highway‐rail grade crossings in the United States, using data from exhaustive data from Federal Railroad Administration database covering the period 2002–2011. Using mixed logit modeling approach, the study explores the determinants of driver injury severity at unlighted highway‐rail grade crossings compared with lighted highway‐rail grade crossings in the United States. Several key issues are explored including availability of relevant highway‐rail grade crossing accident inventory data; relevant data element structures; specification and estimation of models to estimate driver's injury severity with lighting and without lighting; and techniques to interpret model parameters. Overall, highway‐rail grade crossing lighting improves safety by reducing the probability of high‐level injury severity through improvements in driver's visibility compared with unlighted intersections. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

A decomposition approach to determining fleet size and structure with network flow effects and demand uncertainty

This paper presents a new methodology to determine fleet size and structure for those airlines operating on hub‐and‐spoke networks. The methodology highlights the impact of stochastic traffic network flow effects on fleet planning process and is employed to construct an enhanced revenue model by incorporating the expected revenue optimization model into fleet planning process. The objective of the model is to find a feasible allocation of aircraft fleet types to route legs using minimum fleet purchasing cost, thus ensuring that the expected fleet profit is maximized subject to several critical resource constraints. By using a linear approximation to the total network revenue function, the fleet planning model with enhanced revenue modeling is decomposed into the nonlinear aspects of expected revenue optimization and the linear aspects of determining fleet size and structure by optimal allocation of aircraft fleet types to route legs. To illustrate this methodology and its economic benefits, an example consisting of 6 chosen aircraft fleet types, 12 route legs, and 57 path‐specific origin‐destination markets is presented and compared with the results found using revenue prorated fleet planning formulation. The results show that the fleet size and structure of the methodology proposed in this paper gain 211.4% improvement in fleet profit over the use of the revenue prorated fleet planning approach. In addition, comparison with the deterministic model reveals that the fleet size and structure of this proposed methodology are more adaptable to the fluctuations of passenger demands. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

视觉减速标线控速效果评价

为分析视觉减速标线的控速效果和影响范围,选取南宁市6处视觉减速标线路段进行了实地车速采集,获取了视觉减速标线上下游各500m范围内13个断面的地点车速,共计样本约6 300个。利用断面车速数据构建速度-距离曲线,研究了车速的变化规律和视觉减速标线控速影响范围;采用t检验和比例检验分别检验了视觉减速标线上下游控制点及标线末端车速平均值之间的差异显著性和超速比例的差异显著性,验证了视觉减速标线的控速效果,并通过与对照组数据的对比排除了其他因素的干扰。结果表明,视觉减速标线的控速范围为上下游约250m;车辆平均速度下降程度为2.4~4.2km/h,超速车辆比例下降9.4%~15.6%。     

雷诺数相似喷水推进船模预报实船推进性能

通过在数值计算中调整流体粘度系数,实现缩尺船模与实船雷诺数相似,进而消除尺度效应的影响.在弗劳德数0.15~0.41范围内,雷诺数相似船模方法预报实船阻力与模型试验外推值差别在5%以内;在波形与伴流场的比较中,雷诺数相似船模方法与实尺度计算方法预报结果基本一致.数值计算表明对于缩尺比为30的模型泵与实泵效率差别在11%~17%,而雷诺数相似模型泵效率计算值与实泵计算值差别在1.5%以内,表明通过雷诺数相似模型泵能够较好预报实泵性能.文中比较了模型雷诺数与实尺雷诺数下喷水推进器的性能变化,分析了喷水推进自航试验中可能产生的误差.通过雷诺数相似船模数值自航预报阻力、推力、推进效率与实尺度计算的比较,表明了雷诺数相似船模方法能够较好预报实尺度喷水推进船的推进性能.     

广告经济研究简论

虽然广告是一门集心理学、美学、经济学、社会学、传播学等基础学科于一身的综合性、边缘性学科,但是归根结底,广告——尤其是现代广告仍然是一种经济现象,与社会经济环境密切相关。因此,经济学是广告研究的重要基础理论,研究广告的经济属性符合广告自身发展的客观规律,可以为广告业的发展提供理论支持,是广告研究工作的重要内容,因此本文在总结了广告经济作用研究的历史文献的基础上,梳理了存在争论的焦点,提出从广告自身构成特点出发的新角度并以此为基础对广告的经济作用进行了初步的分析和讨论。     

大连港吞吐量与腹地经济发展关系研究

文章采用圈层结构法将大连港腹地划分为三个圈层范围,并通过构建哈夫引力模型分析各圈层经济指标与港口吞吐量之间的关系。结果表明：各圈层的经济指标对港口吞吐量的影响存在可量化的差异,从营口港对大连港吞吐量的实际影响出发,分析原因,并在两港腹地资源竞争分析基础上,提出区域化合作将是两港未来发展的理性选择。