A study of the bi-directional pedestrian flow characteristics at Hong Kong signalized crosswalk facilities

This paper investigates the bi-directional flow characteristics at signalized crosswalk facilities in Hong Kong. Pedestrian flow measurements were conducted at selected signalized crosswalks in Hong Kong urban area with and without the Light Rail Transit (LRT) railway tracks in the median of the carriageway. The pedestrian speed-flow functions for these crosswalk facilities were calibrated. The relationships between the walking speed at capacity and directional distribution of pedestrian flow (or flow ratio) are determined. The effects of different flow ratio on the effective capacity are also investigated. The bi-directional pedestrian flow effects on signalized crosswalk facilities with LRT tracks are found more significant than those without LRT tracks. The result could be used as a basis to improve the assessment of the crosswalk's capacity and to determine the design walking speeds under different flow ratios at signalized crosswalks in Hong Kong and in other Asian cities with similar environments.     

连续刚构桥悬臂施工阶段的预应力剪力滞效应分析

根据一座主桥为三跨(47m 75m 47m)连续刚构桥的悬臂施工过程,计算分析悬臂施工阶段预应力荷载产生的箱梁剪力滞效应,研究该类桥在整个悬臂施工过程中,每个阶段预应力荷载产生的箱梁剪力滞效应,以及一些关键截面剪力滞效应的变化规律;结果表明,在悬臂施工过程中,悬臂预应力束会对箱梁产生正负剪力滞效应,且负剪力滞效应较大。     

斜拉-悬索协作体系桥的温度效应分析

对自锚式和地锚式2种斜拉-悬索协作体系桥进行了成桥后的温度效应分析,分别考虑了体系温差、索梁塔温差、索塔日照、索梁日照4方面的影响,并对比了2种体系的结果.结果显示温度效应对2种体系内力和位移的影响都比较大,不同种类的温度效应对2种体系的影响程度也不相同,并对其原因进行了分析.     

城市客运交通工具碳排放效率差异——以襄阳市为例

为准确测度城市客运工具碳排放效率的差异,探寻多元出行和碳减排双赢的改进路径,本文构建涵盖车辆存量、道路、土地、能源及环境 5 大要素体系,利用三阶段超效率 SBM-DEA (Slacks-Based Measure)模型和SFA(Stochastic Frontier Approach)方法,测度城市客运工具碳排放效率,并厘清政策和外生环境因素对投入要素冗余的影响;构建效率贡献度和边际效应模型分析投入产出要素的效率贡献度及其边际效应。基于襄阳市的案例表明：7种客运工具的碳排放效率呈传统公共交通(含巡游车)大于共享交通大于私人交通的差异化态势;外生环境因素中,优化能源结构能显著减少能源资源的多余消耗,交通工具的便捷性对消除多余投入具有显著积极作 用。效率贡献度结果反映碳排放效率提升路径的异质性：车辆规模过剩是制约共享交通碳排放效率的主要原因,规模每减少10%,效率分别提高12.0%(网约车)和19.8%(共享电踏车)。清洁能源发展对私家车碳排放效率的提升作用较大,清洁比例每增加10%,碳排放效率平均提高8.9%。 在现阶段公交优先发展水平下,公交车平均运行速度每增加1 km∙h-1 ,碳排放效率提高0.201。 并从技术和管理两方面提出改善碳排放效率的建议和措施。     

私人小汽车拥有权管制政策效应分析

随着中国城镇化和机动化进程加速,已有多个城市实施了私人小汽车拥有权管制政策。为了给政策完善提供有价值的参考,有必要对该政策产生的宏、微观效应进行分析和评估。以上海市为例,基于公共管制理论,综合运用多种经济计量方法,从宏观层面测算额度管制对私人小汽车增长的限制效果,发现政策成熟期之后私人小汽车年增幅约减少26%~35%。同时,由年度数据分析拍卖市场中额度投放量、竞拍人数和年平均中标价的外部影响因素和内部关联机制。进一步,从微观层面验证月度数据对应的拍卖市场关键变量之间的互动关系,并强调宏微观结论的相互应验和一致性。     

横向并购对供应链及其成员绩效的影响

研究了在Coumot市场竞争条件下，生产企业的横向并购对于上游供应商和整条供应链利润的影响，以及供应链权力配置在并购中的效应．算例表明，横向并购后的供应链及其各成员企业的绩效，除了受到参与并购的企业数量影响，还受到供应链权力配置的影响．供应商的垄断力越大，并购后获得的利润越大．生产企业在供应链的地位随并购企业数量增加而增加，抵消了由于供应商垄断力增加的影响．     

大型高速滑坡体运动的空气动力学研究

应用空气动力学的理论，研究了滑坡体凌高速飞行时的空气动力学效应，得出了滑坡体运动的微分方程，根据该方程即可求出相应的历时和滑程，对防灾减灾具有重要意义。     

高职汽车专业校企合作的探索——以佛山职业技术学院长安福特项目为例

文中针对长安福特汽车学院的校企合作办学的情况,介绍了汽车学院的合作模式、合作方式及内容,并总结了校企合作的成效。同时,针对校企合作中存在的的问题,提出了解决措施。     

Empirical analysis of transportation investment and economic development at state, county and municipality levels

Numerous studies have found positive correlation between transportation infrastructure investment and economic development. Basically these studies use a conventional production function model augmented by a public capital input, mainly highways, rail and other transportation facilities. While the range of the measured economic growth effects varies widely among studies, the positive elasticity between transportation investment and economic development is now commonly accepted. Still a major puzzling issue is that the magnitude of the measured effect seems to decline significantly as the econometric model is further refined, mainly with regard to space and time lags. That is, the use of national or state data produces elasticity results, which are much larger than when using county or municipality data. Similarly, when we introduce into the econometric model a lag between the times when the transportation investments are made and when the economic benefits transpire, the measured elasticities decline with the size of the lag. Thus, the main objective of this paper is to investigate these issues analytically and empirically and provide a plausible explanation. We do so by using alternative econometric models, applying them to a database, which is composed of longitudinal state, county and municipality observations from 1990 to 2000. The key result is that transportation investments produce strong spillover effects relative to space and time. Unless these factors are properly accounted for many reported empirical results are likely to be overly biased, with important policy implications.     

切削式吸能的惯性效应

在考虑切削热影响的基础上,采用数值模拟研究了切削式吸能过程的惯性效应,计算了不同初始撞击条件下的稳定切削力、切削位移、最高温度、热耗散能量和热耗散能量比例。计算结果表明:初始撞击能量为20kJ时,切屑生成时切削力未出现明显的初始峰值,稳定切削力变化范围为63.0~63.8kN,变化规律相同,变化趋势一致;撞击质量为200kg,撞击速度变化范围为3~10m·s-1时,稳定切削力变化范围为63.0~64.4kN;撞击速度为10m·s-1,撞击质量由0.4t增加至3.2t时,热耗散能量由4.12kJ增加到36.64kJ,热耗散能量随撞击质量的增大而增大,最高温度变化范围为586℃~602℃,热耗散能量比例变化范围为20.6%~23.2%,稳定切削力的变化范围为63.0~64.1kN。可见,在切削深度和刀具几何参数不变的条件下,初始撞击能量、撞击质量和撞击速度对切削力影响很小,切削式吸能过程的惯性敏感性弱,切削式吸能结构属于第Ⅰ类,而且,切削热占能量耗散比例大,撞击速度对其影响程度大。