严寒地区高黏高弹改性沥青应力吸收层沥青混合料路用性能研究

为解决河北省张家口市北部坝上地区沥青路面反射裂缝严重的问题,以高黏高弹改性沥青应力吸收层为研究目标,通过沥青的常规试验和PG分级试验来评价3种不同的应力吸收层沥青结合料,并对3种沥青混合料的路用性能进行了研究。通过室内试验结果表明,高黏高弹改性沥青的常规技术指标要明显高于常规改性沥青,PG分级也高于常规改性沥青。与普通改性沥青应力吸收层沥青混合料相比,高黏高弹改性沥青应力吸收层沥青混合料具有更好的路用性能。     

Traveled distance,stock and fuel efficiency of private vehicles in Canada: price elasticities and rebound effect

This paper presents estimates of the rebound effect and other elasticities for the Canadian light-duty vehicle fleet using panel data at the provincial level from 1990 to 2004. We estimate a simultaneous three-equation model of aggregate demand for vehicle kilometers traveled, vehicle stock and fuel efficiency. Price and income elasticities obtained are broadly consistent with those reported in the literature. Among other results, an increase in the fuel price of 10% would reduce driving by ~2% in the long term and by 1% the average fuel consumption rate. Estimates of the short- and long-term rebound effects are ~8 and 20%, respectively. We also find that an increase in the gross domestic product per capita of 10% would cause an increase in driving distance of 2–3% and an increase of up to 4% in vehicle stock per adult. In terms of policy implications, our results suggest that: (1) the effectiveness of new fuel efficiency standards will be somewhat mitigated by the rebound effect and (2) fuel price increases have limited impacts on gasoline demand.

The Hydraulic Control Using Lab VIEW for a Synthetic Rubber Spring Testing Machine

IntroductionThe synthetic rubber test machine is to testthe rubber spring of the subway wagon. The prac-tical use of this machine is to make a preventingmaintenance so we can know with accuracy thespending life of the rubber spring. Every rubberspring is a subject of a cycle or working hours, af-ter this period the testing of this spring rubbermust do it according to specification of the manu-facturer, the testing machine is designed to test 4kinds of rubber springs; the one that is used forth…     

基于ANSYS的接触网弹性计算

从有限元理论出发,建立了接触网的有限元模型,对简单链形悬挂和弹性链形悬挂一个跨距内的弹性进行了仿真分析,精确地计算了弹性的大小,对弓网系统的安全运营有重要的指导意义。     

考虑空间整体效应的温度自应力计算

针对在计算混凝土桥梁结构的温度自应力时,按现行的计算方法得到的结果与实测的数据有较大差别的问题,根据温度作用下的应力-应变关系及结构内力特点,并运用三维平面假设,改变温度荷载的加载方式和多余约束力的状态,推导出考虑空间整体效应的温度自应力计算方法。对箱梁的实例分析表明：在计算桥梁结构的温度自约束应力时,应考虑纵横向温度应力-应变之间的互相影响,采用与实际情况相符合的温度荷载加载方式,这样使计算结果更接近实际值。     

对桩周土弹性模量确定方法的探讨

综合分析了目前确定桩基础上弹性模量的3种方法：室内试验方法、基于过去工程实践的经验关系的方法及由单桩的荷载试验曲线反算的方法,提出了一种利用单桩荷载－沉降曲线确定土弹性模量的简单方法,并给出了计算公式和图表供工程实际应用。通过实例分析表明,弹性理论法计算桩基础沉降时,应该用单桩荷载试验曲线反算方法得到的土弹性模量作为计算参数。     

基于需求弹性的城市公交票价优化方法及实证分析

城市公交票价是公交系统健康发展的重要因素,票价制定需兼顾公交企业的市场性和公益性双重属性,在保证服务质量的同时,考虑运营成本和最大限度吸引公交需求,实现经济效益和社会效益的双赢.在本文中,根据用户均衡理论,构建了城市多方式交通出行的需求分析模型,采用灵敏度分析方法给出了城市公交价格—需求弹性的计算方法.在此基础上,充分考虑了各种方式的交通特征、公交需求弹性、公交运营成本及政府限价等因素,提出了城市公交票价优化的数学规划模型,并给出了求解算法.最后,以国内某城市居民出行调查及公交运营数据为基础,分析了不同条件下公交客运需求的变化规律及城市公交票价的优化策略.     

Rebound effects in UK road freight transport

This paper analyses aggregate time-series data to estimate the direct rebound effect in UK road freight over the period 1970–2014. We investigate 25 different model specifications, conduct a comprehensive set of diagnostic tests to evaluate the robustness of these specifications and estimate the rebound effect using three different elasticities. Using the mean of the statistically significant estimates from these specifications, we estimate a direct rebound effect of 61% - which is larger than previous estimates in the literature and almost twice as large as the consensus estimate of direct rebound effects in road passenger transport. Using the mean of the estimates from our most robust models, we estimate a slightly lower direct rebound effect of 49%. Our estimates are fairly consistent between different model specifications and different metrics, although individual estimates range from 21% to 137%. We also find that an increasing proportion of UK road freight is being undertaken by foreign registered vehicles, and that increases in the vehicle weight limits have encouraged more freight activity. We highlight the significant limitations imposed by the use of aggregate time series data and recommend that further studies in this area employ data from vehicle use surveys.     

高温作用后混凝土强度与变形试验研究

对86个混凝土试块在常温～1000 ℃范围内温度作用后，进行了强度与变形试验和理论分析工作，主要包括混凝土抗压强度、抗拉强度、轴心抗压强度及弹性模量等几个方面．探讨了高温作用后混凝土强度和变形的变化规律，着重分析它们与作用温度的相互关系，并建立简明的数学表达式．     

收费弹性价格在高等级公路上的应用

对高等级公路收费费率分析中的几个问题如收费弹性、弹性价格类型、以及影响收费公路收费弹性的因素等方面进行探讨，提出了使用收费弹性价格来进一步确定收费费率的方法，并应用实例表明该方法是可行的。对于收费价格弹性的研究，拟在对影响收费价格弹性的相关因素进行总结分析基础上，对收费费率和交通量变化进行了相关性分析，并通过实例分析确定费率的调整幅度。