光明桥的病害检测和维修加固

梁桥经过拓宽改建,形成了新、老梁体拼接的组合桥。此类桥梁由于新、老梁体的刚度不同及基础沉降原因出现拼接处开裂、错位等病害。以南奉公路光明桥为例,介绍了此类桥梁的检测、分析、病害修复的过程,对桥梁维修后的运行效果进行了跟踪观测。     

路面混凝土弯拉强度及弹性模量的试验研究

通过对不同强度等级下的混凝土小梁试件进行各龄期的弯拉强度和弯拉弹性模量的试验研究，加强时路面混凝土力学性能厦其发展规律的认识，可为混凝土路面设计与施工的路面质量评定提供参考，同时可为确定道路最佳开放交通时间提供依据。     

Estimating Freight Transport Price Elasticity in Multi-mode Studies: A Review and Additional Results from a Multimodal Network Model

Abstract

The paper presents a detailed comparative review of price/cost elasticity estimates published in a number of studies on multi-mode freight transport demands. It attempts to determine which factors could explain the wide diversity of estimates: data aggregation, diversity of markets, and methodology. It also presents new estimates for rail, road, and waterway modes, derived from a multimodal freight network model of the Rhine area market. Direct and cross-elasticities are estimated for 11 groups of commodities and per distance category. The results are critically assessed by comparison with the reviewed studies. The paper concludes with a few recommendations about meaningful uses of existing estimates and the need for additional experiments with different methodologies applied on a common data basis.     

Forecasting high-speed rail ridership using a simultaneous modeling approach

Abstract

The newly launched, June 2009, US High-Speed Intercity Passenger Rail Program has rekindled a renewed interest in forecasting high-speed rail (HSR) ridership. The first step to the concerted effort by the federal, state, rail, and other related agencies to develop a nationwide HSR network is the development of credible approaches to forecast the ridership. This article presents a nested logit/simultaneous choice model to improve the demand forecast in the context of intercity travel. In addition to incorporating the interrelationship between trip generation and mode choice decisions, the simultaneous model also provides a platform for the same utility function flowing between both the decision-making processes. Using American Travel Survey data, supplemented by various mode parameters, the proposed model improves the forecast accuracy and confirms the significant impact of travel costs on both mode choice and trip generation. Furthermore, the cross elasticity of mode choice and trip generation related to travel costs and other modal characteristics may shed some light on transportation policies in the area of intercity travel, especially in anticipation of HSR development.     

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影响城市交通出行方式选择的因素有很多,本文致力于分析具有随机特性的因素对出行方式选择的影响程度,即随机弹性.使用具有较好收敛性的集计交通战略STM模型作为分析出行方式选择的工具,并根据对道路实测数据的统计分析,验证了作为影响出行方式选择的重要因素——小汽车出行速度为随机变量并服从k阶爱尔朗分布.根据经济学的随机弹性理论,推导出小汽车出行速度对出行方式选择的随机弹性计算模型,利用北京市的实际数据验证了模型的有效性.并得出结论：交通政策指标（影响因素）的可靠度越高,政策目标对政策指标的弹性值越稳定、集中,即政策目标达到的可靠度越高,随机弹性分析模型可作为一种交通政策量化分析的工具.     

路面混凝土的再生强度和弹性模量的研究

针对不同粒径再生混凝土的性能进行试验分析。试验结果表明：当骨料粒径#330～40mm时,路面再生混凝土的抗压强度最高,弹性模量略低,从而使路面混凝土再生综合性能表现最佳,进而达到新鲜混凝土路面的技术指标,而且也实现了废弃路面混凝土的再生利用。这对于保护环境、节约资源都有重要意义。     

正六角形蜂窝芯层面内等效弹性参数研究

由于蜂窝芯层结构在外载作用下,蜂窝胞元壁板不但会产生弯曲变形,而且也会产生伸缩变形和剪切变形。过去Gibson公式在计算蜂窝芯层等效参数时只考虑了弯曲变形,虽然简便,但在导致蜂窝芯层分析时,弹性矩阵会出现不确定性;后来,宋明慧公式在Gibson公式的基础上,进一步考虑了伸缩变形的影响,但由于没有考虑剪切变形的影响,导致的蜂窝芯层结构不稳定,而且简化的弹性矩阵会出现奇异。该文新推导的面内等效弹性参数理论计算公式考虑了弯曲变形、伸缩变形和剪切变形对面内等效刚度的影响,是对Gibson和宋明慧公式的修正,克服了他们公式上的缺陷。     

后张法预应力箱梁施工问题及对策

预应力砼箱梁与普通钢筋砼桥梁相比,更具有优良的使用性能。在施工过程中需要严格的工作程序。结合工程实践,对桥梁外观及管道敷设质量和张拉过程中的施工问题进行论述．并提出相应的防治措施。从而对预应力箱梁有一定的实践指导作用。     

沥青路面辙槽破坏分析及车辙试验改进

从沥青混凝土的物理力学性能以及面层厚度和结构类型等方面阐述了沥青路面辙槽破坏的影响因素及减小辙槽破坏的措施,并对我国车辙试验仪器和试验方法存在的不足提出了几点改进意见。     

需求弹性理论在铁路运价调整中的应用

在市场经济条件下,合理调节和运用价格因素,是运输企业提升竞争优势,把握市场竞争力的关键,常用的定价方法主要以运输价值为理论依据,该理论较少考虑市场机制作用下运输需求变动对运价的影响,难以适应短期价格决策.根据经济学弹性理论,提出了运输价格调整过程中的调价方向、调价幅度的确定方法,并给出了具体算例.