基于案例的城市轨道交通车站能耗定额标准研究

车站能耗定额标准是城市轨道交通能耗评价和节能工作的重要基础.本文从我国城市轨道交通发展对能耗的需求出发,分析城市轨道交通系统能耗的构成;以北京市轨道交通部分车站为例,分析不同类型车站的设备能耗构成,特点和建筑面积,日客流量,敷设方式,出入口数量等因素对能耗的影响;基于能耗定额评价方法,提出包含基本、奢侈性、舒适性能耗定额水平的车站能耗定额标准;基于不同类型车站,探讨非空调季和空调季的车站能耗定额标准的差异,从达到能耗目标角度提出相应的节能策略.     

基于CAN总线数据的LNG公交车能源 消耗分析

为研究公交车辆在正常运营中能源消耗的影响因素,通过CAN总线数据与公交IC 卡数据 的融合,从站点间断面以及站点两个层面对北京市液化天然气（LNG） 公交车辆的能源消耗影响 因素进行了相关分析。首先分析了不同道路等级下的能耗消耗,然后利用SPSS 的相关性分析工 具对能耗的影响因素进行了分析。通过分析发现,公交车辆在公交专用道路段的行驶速度约为非 公交专用道的1.7 倍,能源消耗约为无公交专用道的70%。能源消耗由高到低依次为辅路、匝 道、主干路。同时在站点层面,车辆的能源消耗主要受到停滞时间、车辆的加减速时间、乘客的 上下车人数的影响。期望通过此项研究能够帮助公共交通的运营和规划部门制定相应的政策,以 达到减少能源消耗的同时提高公共交通运行效率的目的。     

南昌地区几种外墙的能耗比较及经济性分析

在围护结构中,外墙是重要组成部分.它们的选择对建筑的能耗和造价均会产生重要影响.本文针对南昌地区的室外气象条件,以一栋多层住宅为研究对象,利用能耗模拟工具DeST-h对其进行能耗模拟,比较了几种节能外墙的能耗,证明了节能外墙相对传统外墙具有较好的节能效果.通过各墙体的造价分析,计算了各墙体的静态回收期,得到了性价比较高的节能墙体.     

基于免疫进化算法的发动机悬置系统稳健优化

在分析各种优化方法优缺点的基础上,建立发动机悬置系统六自由度动力模型。以六自由度方向的解耦率为最大优化目标,以各悬置点三向刚度为设计变量,选用免疫进化算法对发动机的悬置刚度参数进行优化,最后用Monte Carlo法对悬置系统进行稳健性分析。结果表明,优化解不仅能保证六自由度方向的高解耦率,还能保证悬置系统的稳健性,提高了产品的质量。     

路基冲击压实效果分析

冲击压实的被冲压体响应是目前尚未解决的理论问题。基于应变能与冲击能分布密度相等的基本原理,假定:冲压n遍后的被冲压体为一维问题,冲压影响深度h0处应变为零,应变与弹性模量线性变化,建立了单次冲击能量、遍数等与土体压实度的关系,在施工参数与效果间建立了关联。结果表明,以相同的设备参数进行施工时,冲压影响深度随冲压遍数的增加而减小;前几遍冲压能影响较大深度,而后续冲击的影响逐步局限于上部土体。通过某砂性土工程实例,分析预测得知,单层80 cm冲压35遍仍达不到规定的压实度要求,因此,实体工程中需采用分层压实的措施。所以,本研究可用于对冲压效果的预测,也可在冲压目标明确的情况下预估需要进行冲压的遍数。     

辽宁省大型取用水户节水现状及对策

通过对辽宁省大型取用水户的调查,从取用水大户工业用水、自来水用水现状及节水潜力等方面进行分析,找出了辽宁省节水工作中存在的问题,提出了节约用水工作的若干对策和建议。     

耦合不同车辆类型的城市道路交通全生命周期评价研究

城市道路交通是我国节能减碳重要领域,如何量化集成道路和车辆的城市道路交通的能源消耗和碳排放成为交通绿色发展的迫切需求。利用全生命周期评价方法,量化评价了城市道路交通原材料获取、施工制造、运行维护和报废拆除阶段的全生命周期化石能源消耗量ADP(f)和全球变暖潜值GWP (以CO₂当量计),讨论对比了基于传统燃油汽车(ICEV)、混合动力汽车(HEV)、插电式混合动力汽车(PHEV)、纯电动汽车(BEV)和燃料电池汽车(FCV)的城市道路交通的全生命周期ADP(f)和GWP,并对关键因素年均日通行量、FCV的技术进步和不同车型占比进行了敏感性分析。研究发现,基于ICEV的城市道路交通的全生命周期ADP(f)和GWP分别为3.26E+09 MJ和2.16E+08 kg。相比于ICEV,基于BEV的城市道路交通的全生命周期ADP(f)和GWP分别降低32.5%和36.1%。     

新能源插电式混合动力汽车馈电时控制逻辑的分析与驾驶体验优化 ——不同混动架构与驾驶体验以及与能耗之间的关系分析

时代的发展使得环境污染问题愈发严重,机动车成为排放污染物的重要贡献者.因此,发展新能源汽车具有很强的战略性必要性.常见的混合动力汽车可粗略分为两大类:HEV普通型混合动力汽车;PHEV插电式混合动力汽车.前者的代表性车型为:丰田普锐斯、一汽丰田卡罗拉双擎.后者的代表车型为:比亚迪秦、荣威Ei6等国产车型.特殊车型为传祺...     

Dynamic optimization of ship energy efficiency considering time-varying environmental factors

Nowadays, optimization of ship energy efficiency attracts increasing attention in order to meet the requirement for energy conservation and emission reduction. Ship operation energy efficiency is significantly influenced by environmental factors such as wind speed and direction, water speed and depth. Owing to inherent time-variety and uncertainty associated with these various factors, it is very difficult to determine optimal sailing speeds accurately for different legs of the whole route using traditional static optimization methods, especially when the weather conditions change frequently over the length of a ship route. Therefore, in this paper, a novel dynamic optimization method adopting the model predictive control (MPC) strategy is proposed to optimize ship energy efficiency accounting for these time-varying environmental factors. Firstly, the dynamic optimization model of ship energy efficiency considering time-varying environmental factors and the nonlinear system model of ship energy efficiency are established. On this basis, the control algorithm and controller for the dynamic optimization of ship energy efficiency (DOSEE) are designed. Finally, a case study is carried out to demonstrate the validity of this optimization method. The results indicate that the optimal sailing speeds at different time steps could be determined through the dynamic optimization method. This method can improve ship energy efficiency and reduce CO₂ emissions effectively.     

Impacts of plug-in electric vehicles in the portuguese electrical grid

Powertrain electrification is currently the best alternative to ensure sustainable energy efficient personal mobility, increasing the integration of intermittent Renewable Energy Sources (RES), improving air quality in urban centres, and reducing greenhouse gas emissions from the transport sector and their dependence on fossil energy sources. With the increasing number of Electric Vehicles (EVs) available from automotive manufacturers, one key question that arises is the capability of the electrical grid to feed the increasing energy demand of the EV fleet without major investments. This paper shows that a progressive penetration of EVs, even at a rapid rate, is perfectly possible for vehicles that offer autonomy, energy consumption and charging characteristics that are currently available in the market. This analysis is based on data acquired during a year, using a Plug-in Hybrid Electric Vehicle (PEV) as the only vehicle for a typical, Southern European Portuguese family. The energy consumption of a gasoline and electric vehicle is presented, as well as its impact on the household load pattern. An analysis of the impact on the grid is also presented, considering several penetration rates (100 thousand, 500 thousand and 1 million vehicles). As well as the avoided use of fossil fuel per vehicle and consequent reduction in overall emissions when compared with a conventional vehicle.