海事电子证据有关问题的思考

自1996年中国出现第一个关于电子证据的民事诉讼案件后,电子证据日益引起法学界的重视如今,在证据信息化的大趋势下,船舶航海电子设备及内部办公软件设施得到进一步广泛应用,以计算机及其网络为依托的电子数据在海事监管工作中的作用越来越重要。VDR、GPS和AIS等航海设备产生的数据在海事监管工作中也渐渐占据着越来越重要的地位,由此产生的电子证据为海事监管带来了极大的便利。文中对海事电子证据利弊及使用等有关问题进行了探索,强调了海事电子证据证明力研究的必要性。     

基于形貌优化技术的发动机油底壳设计方法分析

提出一种基于形貌优化技术的发动机油底壳设计方法,并以最优化某发动机塑料油底壳第一阶固有频率为例,在OptiStruct软件中对该方法进行了仿真。根据形貌优化分析结果确定其加强筋最佳布局方式,第一阶固有频率增加了16%,改善效果明显,并满足了设计频率要求。表明该设计方法可以保证油底壳的全新开发,同时能够大幅缩短开发周期,降低开发成本。     

预应力锚杆(索)在三福高速公路类土质边坡加固工程中的应用

针对三福高速公路沿线类土质边坡物理力学性质特征和边坡稳定性分析结果,采用预应力锚杆(索)和混凝土框架梁以及拱型骨架植草等综合治理方案,取得了良好的防护效果。结合现场实测资料,分析类土质边坡加固后,边坡坡体变形特点及锚杆(索)应力变化特征,为类似工程积累经验并提供参考依据。     

通过信息化手段提高交通运输行政执法效率

目前,国内交通行政执法过程中以信息技术为手段进行执法的单位相对较少,处理案件、人员信息记录和考核培训等工作仍以传统纸质方式进行,工作效率不高。通过分析目前交通行政执法信息化建设方面存在的问题,阐述了以信息手段提高交通行政执法效率的必要性,并提出了交通运输行政执法综合管理信息系统在行业中的实践应用方案。     

Investigations of interactions between bus rapid transit and general traffic flows

Bus rapid transit (BRT) is a popular strategy to increase transit attraction because of its high‐capacity, comfortable service, and fast travel speed with the exclusive right‐of‐way. Various engineering designs of right‐of‐way and the violation enforcement influence interactions between BRT and general traffic flows. An empirical assessment framework is proposed to investigate traffic congestion and lane‐changing patterns at one typical bottleneck along a BRT corridor. The BRT bottleneck consists of bus lane, BRT station, video enforcement zone, and transit signal priority intersection. We analyze oblique cumulative vehicle counts and oblique cumulative lane‐changing maneuvers extracted from videos. The cumulative vehicle counts method widely applied in revealing queueing dynamics at freeway bottlenecks is extended to an urban BRT corridor. In the study site, we assume four lane‐changing patterns, three of which are verified by the empirical measurements. Investigations of interactions between buses and general traffic show that abnormal behaviors (such as lane violations and slow moving of the general traffic) induce 16% reduction in the saturation rate of general traffic and 17% increase in bus travel time. Further observations show that the BRT station and its induced increasing lane‐changing maneuvers increase the downstream queue discharge flows of general traffic. The empirical results also contribute to more efficient strategies of BRT planning and operations, such as alternative enforcement methods, various lane separation types, and optimized traffic operations. Copyright © 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

渤海海上移动高速宽带网络应用探索与展望

文中以针对海上环境优化后的移动高速宽带传输技术在天津海事巡航船舶上的应用为基础,介绍了移动无线微波通信技术在海上通信距离拓展方面的突破.提出了利用该技术,通过渤海周边基站的合理选择配置,真正实现渤海海上移动高速宽带网络全覆盖的展望.     

英国水上行政强制立法及其对我国的借鉴

随着国际贸易和航运业的发展,船舶发生重特大水上险情和事故的风险在不断增大。一些重特大事故对海上人命财产安全、海洋环境、通航安全、港口生产等公共利益构成严重威胁。政府主管部门为避免或减少对公共利益的损害,有责任对这些事故的处置进行干预,在紧急情况下还应采取必要的强制措施。然而,目前我国水上应急处置方面的法律法规还很不完善,主管部门难以依法实施干预和处置行动。文中通过介绍英国水上行政强制相关立法情况,旨在对加强我国水上应急处置行政强制方面的立法能够起到一定的借鉴作用。     

大力推进《联合国海洋法公约》的实施

针对我国在实施《联合国海洋法公约》过程中遇到的一系列困难和问题,提出加强、完善海洋法的国内立法;加强海洋法的宣传和教育;加强海洋法的行政执法力度,加快学习港、澳、台及国外的先进经验,以推进《联合国海洋法公约》在我国的实施。保护我国的主权,有利于更好地开发、利用保护海洋资源,提升我国人民的生活质量,增加安全感、幸福感,有利于解决我国与邻国的海洋权益纷争,有利于世界和平。     

提升海事执法公信力的探讨

文中首先介绍了海事执法公信力的内涵和提升海事执法公信力的意义,紧接着对影响海事执法公信力提升的主要因素进行了分析,最后从海事系统立法、执法制度完善和执法队伍建设等3个方面提出了提升海事执法公信力的建议。     

Effectiveness of vehicle weight enforcement in a developing country using weigh-in-motion sorting system considering vehicle by-pass and enforcement capability

Vehicle overloading has been identified as one of the major contributors to road pavement damage in Malaysia. In this study, the weigh-in-motion (WIM) system has been used to function as a vehicle weight sorting tool to complement the exsiting static weigh bridge enforcement station. Data collected from the developed system is used to explore the effectiveness of using WIM system in terms of generating more accurate data for enforcement purposes and at the same time improving safety and reducing the number of vehicle weight violations on the roads. This study specifically focus on the effect of vehicle by-pass and static weigh station enforcement capability on the overall effectiveness of vehicle weight enforcement system in a developing country. Results from this study suggest that the WIM system will significantly enhance the effectiveness and efficiency of the current vehicle weight enforcement, thus generating substantial revenue that would greatly off-set the current road maintenance budget that comes from tax payers money. If there is substantial reduction in overloaded vehicles, the public will still gain through reduction in road maintenance budget, less accident risks involving heavy trucks, and lesser greenhouse gases (GHGs) emissions.