柔性绿色防护在祁临高速边坡养护中的应用

介绍祁临高速路堑边坡病害处治中舍弃了传统的刚性防护,而采用的一种新型柔性绿色防护类型。从经济效益、社会效益、施工技术特点等方面论述了这种新型环保防护形式的优越性。该工程坚持环境保护和经济建设同步发展的方针,以护坡、绿化、环保、和谐为主题,围绕以人为本的宗旨,科学设计,使之成新型柔性护坡的典范。     

Evolution of the household vehicle fleet: Anticipating fleet composition, PHEV adoption and GHG emissions in Austin, Texas

In today’s world of volatile fuel prices and climate concerns, there is little study on the relationship between vehicle ownership patterns and attitudes toward vehicle cost (including fuel prices and feebates) and vehicle technologies. This work provides new data on ownership decisions and owner preferences under various scenarios, coupled with calibrated models to microsimulate Austin’s personal-fleet evolution.Opinion survey results suggest that most Austinites (63%, population-corrected share) support a feebate policy to favor more fuel efficient vehicles. Top purchase criteria are price, type/class, and fuel economy. Most (56%) respondents also indicated that they would consider purchasing a Plug-in Hybrid Electric Vehicle (PHEV) if it were to cost $6000 more than its conventional, gasoline-powered counterpart. And many respond strongly to signals on the external (health and climate) costs of a vehicle’s emissions, more strongly than they respond to information on fuel cost savings.Twenty five-year simulations of Austin’s household vehicle fleet suggest that, under all scenarios modeled, Austin’s vehicle usage levels (measured in total vehicle miles traveled or VMT) are predicted to increase overall, along with average vehicle ownership levels (both per household and per capita). Under a feebate, HEVs, PHEVs and Smart Cars are estimated to represent 25% of the fleet’s VMT by simulation year 25; this scenario is predicted to raise total regional VMT slightly (just 2.32%, by simulation year 25), relative to the trend scenario, while reducing CO₂ emissions only slightly (by 5.62%, relative to trend). Doubling the trend-case gas price to $5/gallon is simulated to reduce the year-25 vehicle use levels by 24% and CO₂ emissions by 30% (relative to trend).Two- and three-vehicle households are simulated to be the highest adopters of HEVs and PHEVs across all scenarios. The combined share of vans, pickup trucks, sport utility vehicles (SUVs), and cross-over utility vehicles (CUVs) is lowest under the feebate scenario, at 35% (versus 47% in Austin’s current household fleet). Feebate-policy receipts are forecasted to exceed rebates in each simulation year.In the longer term, gas price dynamics, tax incentives, feebates and purchase prices along with new technologies, government-industry partnerships, and more accurate information on range and recharging times (which increase customer confidence in EV technologies) should have added effects on energy dependence and greenhouse gas emissions.     

预应力锚索腐蚀原理与防腐技术方法初探

从腐蚀机理出发,阐述预应力锚索受腐蚀的现状及其防腐蚀的技术方法,提出浅显的建议。     

水平隧道火灾通风纵向控制风速的合理确定

针对2种等宽度、不等高度的水平隧道模型,借助CFD技术分析了环境温度、火灾热释放强度、断面形状对临界风速的影响。选择断面水力高度为特征尺寸,获得2种隧道模型对应的量纲一的临界风速随热释放强度的变化关系,且其与缩尺模型试验及全尺度试验结果相比均具有较好的一致性;并基于CFD模拟结果,分析了Kennedy公式的不足。结果表明,大型隧道火灾通风纵向控制风速的确定过程中应避免使用Kennedy公式计算临界风速。     

国家康居工程给排水及消防设计若干问题探讨

该文介绍了国家康居工程福建晋江兰峰城市花园的给排水及消防工程的设计。针对康居工程的特点和要求,设计中采用分区供水方式、污废水分流、中水回收利用,区域消防系统集中设置屋顶水箱及消防泵房,并采用节水、环保的新产品、新设备,体现绿色、环保、节能的康居住宅的设计理念。     

城市人行天桥与地下通道方案设计及比选

该文对城市的人行天桥或地下通道,从建设条件、投资控制、维护管理、交通疏导等方面进行分析,提出在实际工程中,如何选择车辆、行人立体交叉-人行通道和地下通道的设计思路。     

基于道路特征信息变化率的公路线形质量评价

公路线形质量对行车的舒适性和安全性有着非常重要的影响，如何合理有效地对其进行评价是一个有待解决的问题。从驾驶员行车时接受道路信息的角度出发，提出了道路特征信息变化率的概念，并作为评价公路线形质量的定量指标运用到平面线形、纵断面线形和平纵组合的评价研究中。研究表明：平曲线半径越小，驾驶员接受的道路特性信息变化率越大，驾驶员负担也越重；此外，平曲线长度、竖曲线半径及平纵组合都对道路特性信息变化率有较大的影响。研究成果可为改善公路线形，提高行车安全提供依据。     

公路环境景观敏感度的分析、计算及其应用

公路环境景观敏感度是公路周围环境景观被人们所注意到的程度的量度，公路作为一种人工带状结构物修建于自然环境之中后，便成为环境景观的有机组成部分。如何科学、客观地评价与公路相关的环境景观，是影响公路设计及路线方案比选的一个重要指标，也是环境景观设计的本依据。因此，根据相关领域的研究成果，对公路环境景观敏感度进行分析与计算。     

基于隧道断面面积变化的围岩稳定性判别

随着新奥法施工技术的广泛应用,围岩的动态变形越来越受到人们的关注。目前,我国主要是通过监测典型节点的位移来判断围岩变形的稳定性。典型节点的变形并不能代表整个围岩断面的变形状况,该方法存在一定的缺陷,因此提出采用隧道断面面积变化的方法来评价围岩变形的稳定性。采用突变理论数学方法计算Ⅳ级和Ⅴ级围岩在不同埋深条件下断面面积的变化值,得出面积变化的极限值,最终以此极限值作为判定围岩变形稳定的判据。     

The Offshore Wind Power Debate: Views from Cape Cod

Wind power resources on the eastern U.S. continental shelf are estimated to be over 400 GW, several times the electricity used by U.S. eastern coastal states. The first U.S. developer proposes to build 130 large (40 story tall) wind turbines in Nantucket Sound, just outside Massachusetts state waters. These would provide 420 MW at market prices, enough electricity for most of Cape Cod. The project is opposed by a vigorous and well-financed coalition. Polling shows local public opinion on the project almost equally divided. This article draws on semistructured interviews with residents of Cape Cod to analyze values, beliefs, and logic of supporters and opponents. For example, one value found to lead to opposition is that the ocean is a special place that should be kept natural and free of human intrusion. One line of argument found to lead to support is: The war in Iraq is problematic, this war is “really” over petroleum, Cape Cod generates electricity from oil, therefore, the wind project would improve U.S. security. Based on analysis of the values and reasoning behind our interview data, we identify four issues that are relevant but not currently part of the debate.