人权代际观在当代的发展与创新

人权代际划分的论点如果成立,首先应该从人权代际划分的准则——人权主体的拓展进行分析,其次才可从人权内容的增多考虑。就人权主体和人权内容的关系而言,是人权主体决定人权内容;人权内容是人权主体享有人权程度——广度和深度——的体现。现有人权代际划分所确立的人权都是当代人的权利。随着可持续发展理论的提出,将后代人的权利与当代人的权利并重的人权观念是新兴的跨代际人权概念。因此,人类——当代人和后代人——作为一个整体可被视为一种新的人权主体,而跨代际人权的主要内容是代际公平共享权。     

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实施拥挤收费最大的障碍来自人们对城市道路资源配置公平性的质疑,论文定量分析了拥挤收费对城市道路资源配置公平性的具体影响。在剖析城市道路资源特性的基础上,分析了城市道路资源配置公平性的涵义,研究了城市道路资源配置公平性的度量方法：计算各出行方式的城市道路资源占用,利用洛伦兹曲线和基尼系数进行分析。该方法能有效分析拥挤收费实施前后城市道路资源配置公平性的变化,并以此说明拥挤收费对城市道路资源配置公平性的影响。论文用实际数据进行了计算和分析,得出拥挤收费能够改善城市道路资源配置公平性的结论。     

以教育公平推进和谐社会建设

教育公平是社会公平和构建和谐社会的重要基础,而我国现阶段在教育方面存在的不公平现象,严重影响了和谐社会的建设,这主要体现在不同地区、不同社会阶层和不同性别的人员在享受教育资源方面的明显差异,因此国家要从加大投入、合理配置资源、制定相关政策等方面来推进教育公平。     

浅谈我国企业的股权筹资偏好

分析了我国企业的资金结构现状,介绍了我国企业股权筹资偏好的主要表现,分析了我国企业偏好股权筹资的原因,并指出了股权筹资偏好的不利影响。     

Does a circular high-speed rail network promote efficiency and spatial equity in transport accessibility? Evidence from Hainan Island,China

This paper investigates the efficiency and spatial equity impacts of a unique island-looping high-speed rail (HSR) network in Hainan province, China. An integrated network and raster-based model is applied to accurately measure the accessibility indicators. We perform analysis at four different geographical planning levels – island, corridor, spillover, and county level. The HSR with a non-polarized topology can increase the accessibility of the entire island and corridor, but only leads to a slight increase in the spillover areas without HSR stations. HSR construction also leads to spatial cohesion for the entire island and corridor. Although the circular HSR network consists of several HSR stations distributed relatively equally, the results show that counties contribute differently to the cohesion of the entire island due to the varied initial level of accessibility values. Moreover, the county-level analysis reveals that the internal changes of each county are also different with balancing, polarization, and neutral effects appearing. Therefore, the internal equity of counties needs to be combined with their external contributions to global equity. Our framework permits policymakers to make customized HSR transport policies at different planning levels, particularly for an isolated area.     

在企业管理中对公平理论的认识及其应用的思考

介绍了公平理论的基本含义。从企业管理中管理者与被管理者两个方面阐述了对公平理论的认识,并论述了公平理论在企业管理中的作用。     

Effects of income inequality on evacuation,reentry and segregation after disasters

Large-scale disasters often trigger mass evacuation due to significant damages to urban systems. Understanding the evacuation and reentry (return) process of affected individuals is crucial for disaster management. Moreover, measuring the heterogeneity in the individuals' post-disaster behavior with respect to their socio-economic characteristics is essential for policy making. Recent studies have used large-scale location datasets collected from mobile devices to analyze post-disaster mobility patterns. Despite the availability of such data and the societal importance of the problem, no studies have focused on how income inequality affects the equity in post-disaster mobility. To overcome these research gaps, we overlay mobility data with income information from census to quantify the effects of income inequality on evacuation and reentry behavior after disasters, and the resulting spatial income segregation. Spatio-temporal analysis using location data of more than 1.7 million mobile phone users from Florida affected by Hurricane Irma reveal significant effects of income inequality on evacuation behavior. Evacuees with higher income were more likely to evacuate from affected areas and reach safer locations with less damage on housing and infrastructure. These differences were common among evacuees from both inside and outside mandatory evacuation zones. As a result of such effects of inequality, significant spatial income segregation was observed in the affected areas. Insights on the effects of income inequality on post-disaster mobility and spatial segregation could contribute to policies that better address social equity in pre-disaster preparation and post-disaster relief.     

基于一般均衡的城市交通公平模拟研究

为探究城市均衡状态下不同收入群体面临的交通公平问题，建立城市空间一般均衡模型. 从多主体模拟的视角出发，构建企业、个人的选址决策模型，采用仿真模拟方法探讨交通公平的形成机制与影响因素，为交通公平问题提供新的研究视角. 研究发现：不同群体的通勤损失存在明显差异，高收入群体在空间选择上优先于低收入群体，占据交通优势区域；低收入群体不仅需要接受较低的工资水平，还需承受更高的通勤损失. 劳动力水平差距和通勤速度对不同群体的通勤损失存在异质性影响. 当劳动力水平差距扩大时，低收入群体不仅面临劳动力贬值，还将承受更大比例的通勤损失；公共交通出现拥挤、维护等低效情况时，低收入群体的通勤损失将明显增加，进一步扩大群体差距.     

公平理论参考下的供应链契约

以一个考虑公平关切行为的两级供应链Stackelberg博弈模型为研究对象,且零售商、供应商都是公平关切.文中以公平理论为参考下设置公平关切决策参考点,并在此基础上构建了考虑公平关切的效用函数,并研究了零售商在公平关切行为下对供应链最优决策和供应链协调的影响.研究表明:零售商的最优订货量随着供应商批发价格的增加而减少;零售商的最优订货量随其公平关切系数的增加而减少;在批发价格契约下,供应链不能达到系统最优,但是引进保险契约可以使供应链双方达到Pareto最优.最后通过算例分析对结论进行了验证.