考虑风险公平性的无能力约束条件下危险废物回收路径优化问题

区别于传统风险公平性,本文从风险补偿角度提出了风险公平性的全新内涵,并设计了风险补偿型的风险公平计算模型。构建了考虑运输成本、运输风险以及风险公平性的优化目标,同时确定了固体危险废物的回收路径。针对所构建的多目标0-1整数非线性规划模型,本文通过线性加权法设计了求解算法。并通过一个算例表明该模型与算法可以获得最优解,并比传统风险公平性模型更具优越性。     

基于纵向平等的干道BRT信号优先方法

在定时式协调信号控制的背景下,以加快BRT车辆运行速度,降低信号优先给社会车辆造成的负面影响为目标,以实现绿灯时间再分配的纵向平等性为基本要求,提出了一种新颖的干道BRT主动信号优先方法。在BRT专用道沿线布设3类检测器,采集BRT车辆的到达时刻。定义了绿灯延长、相位插入、绿灯早启3类优先请求时间窗,有条件地生成和删除不同类型的优先请求,有节制地实施相位插入。给出信号优先贡献和补偿的混合作用方式以及协调方向的社会车辆连续行进的保障措施。遵循纵向平等性的要求,建立信号优先贡献算法和信号优先补偿算法。在高负荷机动车交通需求下进行仿真试验,给出该方法的最佳参数取值建议;BRT车辆的行程时间降幅超过28%,协调方向社会车辆的行程时间增幅不足5%的结果验证该方法的有效性;BRT车辆的行程时间降幅超过19%、社会车辆的车均延误差异不足1%的结果验证该方法相较于传统方法的优越性。     

社会责任信息披露质量对权益和债务资本成本影响的研究

近年来随着社会责任信息披露的发展,其所发挥的作用越来越大。以2009-2011年披露企业社会责任报告的上市公司为样本,实证检验社会责任信息披露质量对权益和债务资本成本的影响及其差异。实证结果表明上市公司社会责任信息披露质量与权益资本成本和债务资本成本成负相关关系;企业社会责任信息披露质量对债务资本成本的影响要小于其对权益资本成本的影响。最后基于得出的结论为企业和监管者提出了几条建议。     

考虑环境因素的广义用户平衡和广义系统最优配流模型

首先介绍了城市交通网络分析中公平目标和广义费用函数的概念,建立了考虑环境因素的广义用户平衡和广义系统最优配流模型,并用著名的FRANK-WOLFE算法对所给模型进行了求解。最后给出了一个简单算例,并根据配流结果得出了和实际相符的结论。     

In Political Seas: Engaging with Political Ecology in the Ocean and Coastal Environment

The world’s oceans and coasts are awash in a sea of politics. The marine environment is increasingly busy, changing, and a site of degradation, marginalization, injustice, contestation and conflict over declining resources and occupied spaces at local to global scales. Themes of political ecology, such as power and politics, narratives and knowledge, scale and history, environmental justice and equity, are thus salient issues to understand in ocean and coastal governance and management. This subject review examines research on these themes of political ecology in the ocean and coastal environment and reflects on how the insights gained might be applied to governance and management. Political ecology provides important insights into: the influence of power in ocean management and governance processes; the manner in which narratives, knowledge, and scale are used to legitimize and shape policies and management efforts; the effects of historical trajectories on present circumstances, options, and practices; and the nature of inequities and environmental injustices that can occur in the marine environment. Moreover, ocean and coastal researchers, practitioners, and decision makers ought to engage with the political processes and injustices occurring in the ocean. Moving from critical insights to constructive engagements will ensure that political ecology helps to plant seeds of hope in the Anthropocene ocean.     

基于一般均衡的城市交通公平模拟研究

为探究城市均衡状态下不同收入群体面临的交通公平问题,建立城市空间一般均衡模型. 从多主体模拟的视角出发,构建企业、个人的选址决策模型,采用仿真模拟方法探讨交通公平的形成机制与影响因素,为交通公平问题提供新的研究视角. 研究发现：不同群体的通勤损失存在明显差异,高收入群体在空间选择上优先于低收入群体,占据交通优势区域;低收入群体不仅需要接受较低的工资水平,还需承受更高的通勤损失. 劳动力水平差距和通勤速度对不同群体的通勤损失存在异质性影响. 当劳动力水平差距扩大时,低收入群体不仅面临劳动力贬值,还将承受更大比例的通勤损失;公共交通出现拥挤、维护等低效情况时,低收入群体的通勤损失将明显增加,进一步扩大群体差距.     

效率与公平视角下的应急公交接驳调度优化

城市地铁突发故障后,需要采用高效的应急公交接驳方法疏散滞留乘客,减小社会和经济损失.建立两阶段优化模型,对每辆车从存车点出发后依次前往各站运输乘客的接驳过程进行决策.阶段 1,从管理部门角度最小化疏散时间;阶段 2,在此基础上,从乘客角度降低乘客延误,优化目标分别考虑了效率与公平原则.由于现有优化软件求解阶段 2效率过低,构造了针对性的禁忌搜索(TS)算法提高求解速度.最终通过算例验证了算法和模型的可行性,对比了效率与公平原则下的疏散效果,展示了两者的权衡关系：效率原则可能导致乘客服务水平不均;而公平原则提供了更均衡的疏散服务,但系统延误相对更高.     

Effects of income inequality on evacuation,reentry and segregation after disasters

Large-scale disasters often trigger mass evacuation due to significant damages to urban systems. Understanding the evacuation and reentry (return) process of affected individuals is crucial for disaster management. Moreover, measuring the heterogeneity in the individuals' post-disaster behavior with respect to their socio-economic characteristics is essential for policy making. Recent studies have used large-scale location datasets collected from mobile devices to analyze post-disaster mobility patterns. Despite the availability of such data and the societal importance of the problem, no studies have focused on how income inequality affects the equity in post-disaster mobility. To overcome these research gaps, we overlay mobility data with income information from census to quantify the effects of income inequality on evacuation and reentry behavior after disasters, and the resulting spatial income segregation. Spatio-temporal analysis using location data of more than 1.7 million mobile phone users from Florida affected by Hurricane Irma reveal significant effects of income inequality on evacuation behavior. Evacuees with higher income were more likely to evacuate from affected areas and reach safer locations with less damage on housing and infrastructure. These differences were common among evacuees from both inside and outside mandatory evacuation zones. As a result of such effects of inequality, significant spatial income segregation was observed in the affected areas. Insights on the effects of income inequality on post-disaster mobility and spatial segregation could contribute to policies that better address social equity in pre-disaster preparation and post-disaster relief.     

金融可持续发展观

针对我国金融发展的现状，结合可持续发展的思想建设性地指出金融可持续发展观的核心：以服务于经济可持续发展为前提，讲求金融资源的合理开发与配置，讲求效率，兼顾公平，在金融发展的过程中使其体系在结构上和数量上能满足前后几代经济和社会发展的需要；集中表现为对金融资源的不滥用、金融结构上的合理化和数量上适宜的最优配置状态。     

城市轨道交通与可持续发展

面对城市化进程加快带来的交通需求迅速增长和城市布局的重新调整,探讨了城市轨道交通与可持续发展的关系。首先介绍了城市交通可持续发展的3E原则。以上海市为例,通过常年的调查研究,从轨道交通网络规模效应、轨道交通与城市空间结构、轨道交通与社会公正性3个方面进行了分析。最后,总结了轨道交通促进可持续发展的基本策略,并提出了我国城市交通发展与土地开发建设的5D原则,即POD〉BOD〉TOD〉XOD〉COD。