长江下游通州沙西水道整治工程效果分析

针对通州沙西水道存在的诸多问题,2011—2016年间通州沙西水道实施了大规模的河道整治工程,为通州沙汊道形成稳定的双分汊河型创造了有利条件。根据近年来实测水文、地形资料,从通州沙西水道分流比、通州沙沙体、河道的冲淤、河道尺度等方面,分析通州沙西水道河道演变出现的新变化以及整治工程效果。结果表明:通州沙沙体基本稳定,西水道分流比增加2. 4%,-5 m河槽全线贯通,四干河以下-10 m河槽基本贯通,达到工程预期效果。     

Port authorities view state coastal management programs

Abstract

An estuarine sanctuary is a store of public values due to the ecological, cultural, recreational, aesthetic, historic, and economic services provided by the preserve. These values may be expected to increase over time because of (1) growth in the population demanding estuarine services, (2) growth in the willingness to pay for such services, and (3) growth in the actual quality and quantity of services which are provided by a protected natural system. Thus an estuarine sanctuary will be more valuable to future generations than to current generations. When weighing the cost and benefits of a preservation or development decision, a preservation decision which seems currently undesirable may in fact be socially beneficial when growth in the value of estuarine services is included.     

Evolution of coastal hazards policies in the United States

The ocean and Great Lakes coasts of the United States are experiencing widespread economic and environmental damage from coastal flooding and erosion. During this century, public response to such coastal hazards has evolved haphazardly in response to particular disasters. Over time, however, the range of response has broadened as research has helped to refine public understanding of physical coastal processes, and specific disasters have been studied before longer term forms of institutional response have been formulated. Earlier reliance on engineered shoreline protection has been supplemented by beach nourishment, flood insurance, building and land use regulations, coastal zone planning, and other approaches. This article interprets the evolution of such public policy innovations in terms of a model that depicts the interaction of spatially differentiated systems of physical, legal, and cultural phenomena in the coastal context.     

公路建设项目中降雨因子对土壤流失量的影响分析

降雨因子对水土流失量起着决定性的作用。通过在汉十高速公路上设置实验小区，用径流小区法进行了水土流失监测，并根据数理统计原理，对水土流失量及降雨量的数据进行分析，建立回归方程，研究了降雨因子与水土流失量之间的关系，并对其结果从溅蚀和径流冲刷两个方面进行了理论分析。     

高速公路建设水土流失分析及水土保持研究

高速公路的修建往往会对沿线生态环境造成很大的影响,本文以西南地区的4条高速公路为基础,阐述了高速公路建设项目水土流失的成因、特点及防治对策。将工程措施与植物措施相结合并积极地采用新方法、新技术,以期搞好高速公路水土保持工作,从而有效地改善公路沿线的生态环境。     

黄河兰州市区雁滩段河堤设计综述

该文就黄河兰州市区雁滩段河堤的水利计算以及堤线布置、堤防高程确定、河堤挡墙结构型式等内容进行了介绍。     

桥梁地基部分被淘蚀后的稳定性研究

处于斜坡上的桥梁地基常会受到冲刷淘蚀而使基底面积减小,对桥基造成不利影响。针对这一情况,研究淘蚀形状不规则的桥基稳定性计算方法和计算公式。     

基于GIS和RS长江口南港冲淤变化的可视化分析

利用遥感图像反射率和实测水深值之间的相关性，建立了动量BP人工神经网络水深反演模型，对缺失的1995年的水下地形资料进行了插补，并利用插补后的1973～2003年南港水下地形资料计算了南港河段的泥沙冲淤量，分析了南港河段等深线和横断面的变化，结果表明BP人工神经网络水深反演模型能反演出研究区的水深分布情况，特别是对水深浅于-5m区域，模型反演效果更好。     

枢纽下游河床清水冲刷粗化研究综述

天然河流修建水库后,下游河道发生的最大变化就是河床冲刷粗化。河床冲刷与粗化的研究在水利、水运、水电工程中有着重大的实际意义,是解决山区及丘陵区水利工程面临的河床冲刷粗化所引起的河床演变的关键问题之一。国内外众多学者专家都对冲刷粗化问题进行过研究,文章意在总结已有枢纽下游河床冲刷粗化的研究成果,包括冲刷与粗化机理、冲刷粗化起动流速计算、粗化输沙率计算、粗化层级配计算、极限冲刷深度计算及冲刷后水位降落计算等。并对现有研究成果进行了简要的述评,为后续对这一问题进行深入研究作出必要的准备。     

硫酸盐侵蚀环境下隧道结构病害等级研究

针对我国西南地区硫酸盐侵蚀环境下隧道结构病害的具体特征,结合国内外既有的隧道病害等级划分方法,将硫酸盐侵蚀环境下隧道结构病害等级划分为四级,对各级区间的划分界限进行了具体描述,并给出了相应的定量划分方法.