Some economic aspects of conflicts over land use in the coastal zone

Abstract

Recent land use legislation pays particular attention to the coastal zone where age‐old conflicts have recently accelerated. Flexibility is required in policy because visible conflicts are tied into complex physical and social systems which may require changing patterns of land use over time. Public policy is altering property rights and a thorough understanding of the economic and social roles played by those rights is required. Economic models can be used to understand some major changes such as types of alteration of the environment, but may be ignored or misused unless a better understanding of coastal decision processes is developed.     

高性能清水混凝土耐腐蚀性能及水化微观试验研究

高性能清水混凝土通过使用一些掺合料和外加剂来增强其抗物理侵蚀和耐化学腐蚀性能。通过分析高性能混凝土抗渗透、抗污染、抗干湿交替破坏、耐碳化、耐风化及耐氯离子和硫酸盐侵蚀性能,评价了高性能混凝土的优势,然后采用微观SEM试验对掺合料与外加剂对水化性能的影响进行试验分析。结果表明：将粉煤灰或者矿渣粉取代水泥可以提高水化程度,增大C—S—H凝胶含量,起到微孔隙填充和＂微纤维配筋＂效果,从而增大了混凝土的密实度和强度性能。     

合义渠西支渠中桥桩柱结合处混凝土破损病害成因及处理方法

高速公路跨河桥梁由于长期受到河水的冲刷而出现桩、柱混凝土破损现象。鉴于此,就这一病害的成因以及维修方法进行详细的介绍,以期为同类桥梁的病害治理提供参考与借鉴。     

淮河出海航道滩头整治工程平面方案分析

航道整治需抓住工程实施的有利时机,在通航条件还未恶化前提前预防。以淮河出海航道(红山头—京杭运河段)大淤滩整治工程为例,利用平面二维水流数学模型对滩头不同侵蚀方案产生效果进行计算,分析若不对滩头进行守护将可能导致的后果,说明滩头守护的必要性,并结合河床演变分析提出滩头整治工程平面布置方案。     

重交通下路基材料抗冲刷性能的研究

针对水泥粉煤灰稳定碎石、石灰粉煤灰稳定碎石、石灰粉煤灰砂砾不同配比的抗冲刷性能进行对比试验,根据试验结果．提出南方地区重交通条件下路基材料的最佳配比,可为设计适应路基高强度、低开裂、抗冲刷性能好的路基基层提供参考。     

几种螺旋桨材料的空蚀特性的试验研究

本文介绍了几种螺旋桨材料的空蚀试验结果。为便于比较也列入普通黄铜的结果。试验装置是转盘。试验过程中观察了盘上空泡,记录试件的失重、成孔率和表面情况的变化。最后分析不同速度下剥蚀强度的变化趋势、剥蚀阻抗与材料机械特性的关系。     

风暴中船舶安全池破损问题

选用实际在航货船船型,运用理论和模型试验相结合的方法确定非线性横摇运动方程各系数,研究了随机波浪和随机风中船舶安全池的破损问题.引入定量分析方法,考虑扰动波谱(例如ITTC谱)对安全池破损的影响以及脉动风速谱的作用,进一步揭示了安全池破损的内在机理及影响因素.本文认为,计算安全池时应选择合适的扰动波谱,风速脉动特性的影响是不能忽略的.     

Cavitation erosion research in France: the state of the art

An important part of the French research program on cavitation erosion, conducted from 1980 to 1995, was devoted to pitting. Histograms of pit size have been extensively used to characterise the hydrodynamic aggressiveness of a cavitating flow. Numerous erosion tests, limited to the incubation period, were carried out on similar test sections, for different velocities, liquids, length scales, and materials. Scaling laws were discussed and two kinds of methods for prediction of the erosion rate were proposed. The first one is based upon the estimation of the aggressiveness of the prototype cavitating flow, from pitting tests on a model and the simulation of the prototype histogram of pits on an appropriate device. The second one is based upon a correlation between the advanced stage of erosion and the incubation period, consisting of a proper adimensionalization of the mass-loss curve. After several years of research and the development of special facilities, devices and techniques, more deterministic procedures for predicting cavitation erosion could now be developed, based not upon erosion tests, but upon the characterization of the aggressiveness of the cavitating flow in terms of impact loads and the analysis of the mechanical and metallurgical response of the material to successive impacts.     

公路工程水土流失与防治思路

随着我国公路建设规模和数量的日趋增多,公路沿线的水土流失也日渐严重起来,水土流失是公路工程引起的最主要的环境问题.本文详细阐述了公路工程中水土流失的特点,造成水土流失的原因,以及由此引起的一系列不良影响,最后,对水土流失的防治思路做了简要介绍.     

穴蚀对汽车液压系统

1 前言 对汽车液压系统进行维护时，经常可以发现液压缸内壁或活塞杆表面有一些蜂窝状的孔穴。在拆洗分配阀、变速操纵阀等液压元件时，发现在它们的配合表面时常有发黑现象，而且还伴有一些麻坑，这些都是汽车液压系统出现的穴蚀现象。