汾离高速公路建设水土流失的防治措施

初步分析了山区高速公路建设可能造成水土流失的几个原因，以及如何采取有效的工程措施预防水土流失，保持环境实现可持续发展战略。     

电力机车受电弓滑板材料的发展

随着电力机车的发展,运行速度不断加快,对受电弓滑板材料的要求日益提高,同时也不断地促进了电力机车受电弓滑板材料的发展。现介绍国内外电力机车受电弓滑板材料的发展历程,并根据我国电气化铁路的发展趋势,参照国外高速列车用受电弓滑板材料,展望我国今后电力机车受电弓滑板材料的发展方向。     

Suspended sediment and erosion dynamics in Kugmallit Bay and Beaufort Sea during ice-free conditions

The Mackenzie River is the largest river on the North American side of the Arctic and its huge freshwater and sediment load impacts the Canadian Beaufort Shelf. Huge quantities of sediment and associated organic carbon are transported in the Mackenzie plume into the interior of the Arctic Ocean mainly during the freshet (May to September). Changing climate scenarios portend increased coastal erosion and resuspension that lead to altered river-shelf-slope particle budgets. We measured sedimentation rates, suspended particulate matter (SPM), particle size and settling rates during ice-free conditions in Kugmallit Bay (3–5 m depth). Additionally, measurements of erosion rate, critical shear stress, particle size distribution and resuspension threshold of bottom sediments were examined at four regionally contrasting sites (33–523 m depth) on the Canadian Beaufort Shelf using a new method for assessing sediment erosion. Wind induced resuspension was evidenced by a strong relationship between SPM and wind speed in Kugmallit Bay. Deployment of sediment traps showed decreasing sedimentation rates at sites along an inshore–offshore transect ranging from 5400 to 3700 g m^− 2 day^− 1. Particle settling rates and size distributions measured using a Perspex settling chamber showed strong relationships between equivalent spherical diameter (ESD) and particle settling rates (r² = 0.91). Mean settling rates were 0.72 cm s^− 1 with corresponding ESD values of 0.9 mm. Undisturbed sediment cores were exposed to shear stress in an attempt to compare differences in sediment stability across the shelf during September to October 2003. Shear was generated by vertically oscillating a perforated disc at controlled frequencies corresponding to calibrated shear velocity using a piston grid erosion device. Critical (Type I) erosion thresholds (u) varied between 1.1 and 1.3 cm s^− 1 with no obvious differences in location. Sediments at the deepest site Amundsen Gulf displayed the highest erosion rates (22–54 g m^− 2 min^− 1) with resuspended particle sizes ranging from 100 to 930 µm for all sites. There was no indication of biotic influence on sediment stability, although our cores did not display a fluff layer of unconsolidated sediment. Concurrent studies in the delta and shelf region suggest the importance of a nepheloid layer which transports suspended particles to the slope. Continuous cycles of resuspension, deposition, and horizontal advection may intensify with reduction of sea ice in this region. Our measurements coupled with studies of circulation and cross-shelf exchange allow parameterization and modeling of particle dynamics and carbon fluxes under various climate change scenarios.     

CCI减压阀在成品油管道输油站使用中存在问题分析

CCI减压阀在中石化华南管网茂昆线输油站工作过程中存在的主要问题有两个：部分减压阀阀笼易堵塞;部分减压阀过早出现阀内件被严重冲蚀和汽蚀损坏的现象。结合管道实际运行工况,分析故障发生原因,并提出了一些防范措施．     

浅析桥梁一般冲刷计算

根据桥梁工程设计实例,简要分析了两个常用桥梁一般冲刷公式的适用范围和特点,提出了对一般冲刷计算公式应用的建议。     

机车安全链的动态检测研究

根据铁道部＂5T＂系统的要求,对机车在高速运行过程中,底盘上的元件可能出现的脱落、移位等故障问题进行实时监控,发现问题并及时报警。采用高速CCD摄像机在机车底盘进行摄影,并对所摄图像采用了二值化、投影法、边缘跟踪等各种数字图像处理方法,判断底盘中的安全链是否存在丢失、断开的现象,并输出报警信号。     

山西省高速公路建设项目水土流失防治措施探讨

通过分析山西省高速公路建设中的水土流失特点,针对普遍存在的水土流失问题,结合长期水土保持方案编制及水土保持监测资料积累,提出高速公路建设中的水土流失防治分区及防治措施体系,为山西省高速公路建设过程中水土流失治理提供参考。     

舟山钓梁二期围垦工程潮流泥沙数值分析

通过建立平面二维潮流泥沙数学模型并采用实测资料对模型进行验证,模拟了钓梁二期围垦工程南堤实施前后的潮流场,分析了围垦南堤建设后对螺门码头附近海域潮流的影响及冲淤变化情况。研究结果表明:围垦南堤的实施使得码头群东侧海区流速减小较明显。围垦南堤实施后钓梁湾内海域整体呈现淤积状态,平均淤积强度在0.8 m/a左右,码头前沿海域平均淤积强度约为1.1 m/a。     

氯离子侵蚀下混合纤维增强钢筋混凝土损伤规律

混合纤维增韧混凝土具有很好的耐久性。针对PVA和UPE混合纤维混凝土,采用高浓度氯离子溶液进行120 d侵蚀试验,并结合三维数值模拟技术,预测分析氯离子侵蚀前后钢筋混凝土梁的承载力和损伤变化规律。结果表明,无纤维混凝土和纤维体积含量为0.2%(其中0.1%PVA和0.1%UPE)的混凝土受海水侵蚀后脆性增加,峰值应力和对应的应变减小;但掺加纤维能降低混凝土梁遭受氯离子侵蚀的抗弯曲承载能力的损失率和峰值应力对应的应变损失率,同时增加梁的韧性;加载位移为20 mm时,海水侵蚀后有纤维的梁最终拉伸损伤比无纤维的梁最终拉伸损伤减小4.9%,最终压缩损伤比无纤维的梁最终压缩损伤减小16.2%。     

碳纳米管对硅酸盐水泥耐腐蚀性的影响研究

研究了碳纳米管对硅酸盐水泥耐腐蚀性的影响,采用SEM和能谱对碳纳米管水泥的水化产物形貌进行测试,并对改性机理进行了初步研究.试验结果表明:碳纳米管的掺入可以改善水泥净浆的抗酸性硫酸盐及盐酸侵蚀,当碳纳米管的掺量为0.1％时,水泥净浆试件的抗腐蚀性最佳.在最佳掺量下,水泥净浆试件在浓度分别为5％的Na2SO4和HC1溶液中浸泡28 d的抗压强度较未掺杂碳纳米管试件分别提高了46.3％和56.8％,抗拉强度分别提高了60.3％和11.5％.初步分析碳纳米管的掺入可改善硅酸盐水泥耐腐蚀性的机理在于填充作用和桥联增强效应.