切向单双入口旋流器油-水两相分离流场及特性研究

运用雷诺应力模型（RSM）及两相流 MIXTURE 混合模型和 SIMPLEC 算法对切向单、双入口旋流器内的流场进行模拟分析。采用作图法描述了锥段中间截面处的切向速度、径向速度、湍动能及湍能耗散率,使内部复杂旋流流场的分析得以简化。模拟结果表明：单入口旋流器内流场具有不对称性,呈现偏心结构,双入口旋流器流场具有较好的对称性;油-水分离时,切向双入口旋流器中的分离效率为96%,高于单入口旋流器的94%,但同时增大了能量消耗。实验测试结果显示：流量为3 m3/ h 时的实际分离效率为90%,与模拟结果的平均误差为5%,处理流量相同时,采用切向双入口旋流器更能提高分离效率。     

基于 CFD 技术某超大型复杂腔体流场数值研究

为研究复杂腔体内航行体在出筒过程中的燃气流场和腔体内部压力建立情况,采用计算流体力学方法和动网格技术,对航行体出筒过程进行数值模拟。将安置在腔体内的航行体作为运动实体,随着航行体的运动,相应的流场计算边界发生变化。计算过程根据当前时刻喷管内流场及燃气流场计算航行体受力情况,确定航行体在任意计算时刻的运动速度,并由相应的运动边界更新网格,计算新网格下的流场参数分布。计算结果与实验结果符合较好,说明文中方法能够有效地揭示航行体出筒过程中燃气流的动力特性,通过分析这些流动现象,为工程应用提供有意义的参考。     

基于潜艇模型尾流湍流强度和耗散率的CFD模拟

优良的隐身性能使得潜艇具有强大的突防能力,因此,控制潜艇尾流信号特征对于提高潜艇隐身性能意义重大,这些信号特征主要包括尾部湍流强度、湍动能、湍流耗散率等。同时,优良的艇型对于抑制尾流信号特征、提高潜艇快速性和隐身性也具有重要意义。基于此,采用RANS方法计算SUBOFF潜艇主艇体艇型及6种改良艇型的艇体粘性绕流,将CFD方法用于分析艇体半径、艇艏长度、艇艉长度等参数对潜艇尾流信号特征的影响。计算结果显示：在SUBOFF潜艇主艇体艇型及其6种改良艇型的尾流场中,增加艇体半径有利于抑制远尾流场湍流信号特征,在近场则不利;增加艇艏长度能降低近尾流场湍流信号特征,在远场影响较小;增加艇艉长度在近、远尾流场均有利于降低其信号特征。     

Modelling heavy vehicle car‐following behaviour in congested traffic conditions

This study develops a car‐following model in which heavy vehicle behaviour is predicted separately from passenger car. Heavy vehicles have different characteristics and manoeuvrability compared with passenger cars. These differences could create problems in freeway operations and safety under congested traffic conditions (level of service E and F) particularly when there is high proportion of heavy vehicles. With increasing numbers of heavy vehicles in the traffic stream, model estimates of the traffic flow could be degrades because existing car‐following models do not differentiate between these vehicles and passenger cars. This study highlighted some of the differences in car‐following behaviour of heavy vehicle and passenger drivers and developed a model considering heavy vehicles. In this model, the local linear model tree approach was used to incorporate human perceptual imperfections into a car‐following model. Three different real world data sets from a stretch of freeway in USA were used in this study. Two of them were used for the training and testing of the model, and one of them was used for evaluation purpose. The performance of the model was compared with a number of existing car‐following models. The results showed that the model, which considers the heavy vehicle type, could predict car‐following behaviour of drivers better than the existing models. Copyright © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

主动旋流管道除垢系统的三维数值模拟

为分析主动旋流管道除垢系统的清洗效果,建立了以高压高速空气为介质的内置螺旋凹槽管的环形流动模型,利用fluent软件对光滑管和内置螺旋凹槽管进行数值模拟,并利用网格无关性验证模型网格。模拟结果表明：内置螺旋凹槽管的环形流动呈复杂的三维螺旋流动,而光滑管则呈普通的直线流动。在相同的条件下,内置螺旋凹槽管的切向速度比较剧烈,而光滑管的切向速度几乎为零,内置螺旋凹槽管的径向速度也比光滑管的大。内置螺旋凹槽管的切向和轴向速度的增大,使边界层减弱,有利于增大管壁的冲刷力,从而增强清洗管道的效果。     

紧邻大型深基坑的地铁隧道沉降预测方法研究

针对紧邻大型深基坑的地铁隧道因其变形影响因素复杂、变形控制严格而难以准确预测其沉降变形的问题,文章引入对小样本、复杂、非线性数据具有优越预测性能的支持向量机理论,并利用蚁群优化算法搜索支持向量机最优参数组合,建立了优化的支持向量机预测模型。应用该模型对南京市地铁1号线某段隧道的预测结果表明,该模型预测精度高,能够准确反映隧道变形趋势,可以满足紧邻大型深基坑地铁隧道沉降预测的要求。     

一种基于社交网络的民航新旅客成长性预测方法

对于一个高效的客户关系管理系统而言,预测客户成长性是必不可少的环节．本文尝试根据新旅客的短期历史出行数据对其未来价值成长性进行预测．为了克服新旅客历史出行记录稀少而导致无法准确预测的缺陷,提出了一种基于旅客社交网络的预测方法．首先根据旅客历史出行记录构建旅客同行网络;然后分另lj从旅客个体和旅客关系的角度构建多种分类特征,用来进行旅客成长性预测;最后提出了一种结合个体预测与关系预测的组合预测模型,以达到准确预测的目的．在某航空公司的真实数据集上进行实验,证明了本文提出的方法对民航新旅客未来价值成长性的推断是有效的．     

公路隧道围岩变形破坏理论研究

采用理论分析、数值模拟以及现场监控量测等手段对公路隧道围岩变形破坏理论进行较深入的研究。通过分析开挖过程中围岩损伤演化,获得了损伤变量与围岩材料参数之间的关系,提出了围岩力学参数的预测方法。通过岩体破坏机理、围岩损伤应力影响范围以及影响围岩稳定性的各个因素综合研究,建立了卸荷状态下的围岩损伤本构关系和基于能量耗散的损伤本构模型。基于一般弹塑性数值分析原理,建立了考虑围岩参数劣化过程的隧道围岩损伤演化分析方法,分析了开挖应力状态下隧道围岩的弹塑性损伤演化机理。建立了基于经验公式和基于围岩渐进性破坏理论的公路隧道围岩压力演化趋势及预测模型,提出了公路隧道围岩压力演化趋势的预测方法。     

An enhanced safe distance car-following model

Gipps＇ model, a well-known safe distance car-following model, has a very strict restriction on the car-following behavior that the following vehicle has to maintain the exact safe distance to the leading vehicle to avoid rear crash. However, this restriction is not consistent with the real traffic condition. Due to that, an enhanced safe distance car-following model is proposed first, and then calibrated and evaluated using the field data. Furthermore, the simulation is conducted to analyze the characteristics of the new model. The results of evaluation and simulation illustrate that the proposed model has higher simulation accuracy than the original Gipps＇ model, and can reproduce the stable flow and shock wave phenomena that are very common in real traffic. Moreover, the simulation results also prove that the enhanced model can better stabilize the traffic flow than Gipps＇ model.     

基于灵敏度阻抗矩阵修正法的分层前推回代潮流算法

分布式电源（DG）接入配电网对潮流产生重要影响.本文分析了潮流计算中各种分布式电源模型及处理方法,引入灵敏度阻抗矩阵修正法更新PV节点的注入无功功率,结合辐射型配电网的特点,提出一种基于灵敏度阻抗矩阵修正法的分层前推回代潮流算法.该算法解决了前推回代潮流算法处理PV节点失效的问题,同时适用于含各类分布式电源的潮流计算.最后对含各种类型分布式电源的IEEE 33节点配电网进行潮流计算仿真,仿真结果验证了提出算法的有效性和快速性,并通过不同算例验证了算法的稳定性.