燃用小桐子油柴油机的高压油管燃油压力测试分析

在燃料供给系统增加预热装置的ZH1115单缸直喷式柴油机上,分别燃用柴油、小桐子油及预热小桐子油,测量并分析了柴油机平均有效压力、转速、供油提前角及燃油温度对高压油管内小桐子油压力波特性的影响规律,并与燃用柴油时高压油管内的压力波特性进行了对比。分析结果表明：与柴油相比,在相同工况下,小桐子油的高压油管燃油压力升高曲线较陡,而且压力峰值较高,对应的相位比燃用柴油时提前,供油持续期较长;平均有效压力增加时油管峰值压力增大;供油提前角增加时油管燃油压力相位提前但波形几乎不变;燃油温度对油管燃油压力影响较小。     

富康轿车发动机不能起动故障检修

重点阐述富康轿车发动机不能起动的故障分析、故障检修方法和故障排除程序,并对故障诊断进行总结。     

保险杠喷涂前处理工艺浅析

文章主要介绍汽车喷涂塑料件几种前处理工艺水洗、CO2清洗、人工擦拭的主要特点。并从投资、运营能耗以及对上游工艺的影响等方面,对以上几种处理工艺进行了简单的分析及对比。     

DYNAMIC SIMULATION OF MCFC STACK

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电动汽车能耗预测的研究

随着电动汽车的数量日趋增多,人们对于电动汽车能耗的关注度也逐渐增加。电动汽车受到电池性能和容量的约束,同时受到充电桩的位置、数量和充电时间的限制,容易使得驾驶员产生"里程焦虑"。因此续驶里程成为驾驶员关注的重要指标之一。准确的能耗预测能够给予驾驶员出行指导,减缓"里程焦虑"。围绕电动汽车能量消耗的影响因素进行了归纳总结,介绍了近年来能耗预测技术的研究现状和不足,并提出未来研究方向的发展趋势。     

影响T·CL型驼峰测速雷达测量精度的原因与对策

雷达在使用过程中由于自身原因、外界环境、安装不符合标准以及设计缺陷导致测速不准,找出其中原因并制定改进对策,提高了雷达的测速准确性。     

互联网流量分析系统技术方案

互联网业务快速发展,需要对网络及所承载的各类业务进行及时、准确的流量和流向分析,挖掘网络资源潜力,控制网络流量成本。为此,对现有的互联网网络流量分析系统技术现状进行分析,给出具体的技术解决方案。     

The time-dependent pollution-routing problem

The Time-Dependent Pollution-Routing Problem (TDPRP) consists of routing a fleet of vehicles in order to serve a set of customers and determining the speeds on each leg of the routes. The cost function includes emissions and driver costs, taking into account traffic congestion which, at peak periods, significantly restricts vehicle speeds and increases emissions. We describe an integer linear programming formulation of the TDPRP and provide illustrative examples to motivate the problem and give insights about the tradeoffs it involves. We also provide an analytical characterization of the optimal solutions for a single-arc version of the problem, identifying conditions under which it is optimal to wait idly at certain locations in order to avoid congestion and to reduce the cost of emissions. Building on these analytical results we describe a novel departure time and speed optimization algorithm for the cases when the route is fixed. Finally, using benchmark instances, we present results on the computational performance of the proposed formulation and on the speed optimization procedure.     

Measuring the sustainability of marine fuels: A fuzzy group multi-criteria decision making approach

The use of alternative energy sources instead of HFO has been recognized as a promising way for reducing emissions from shipping and promoting the development of green shipping. However, it is usually difficult for the decision-making to select the best choice among multiple alternative marine fuels. In order to address this, a complete criteria system for sustainability assessment of alternative marine fuels was firstly established, and a fuzzy group multi-criteria decision making method has been developed to rank the alternative marine fuels by combining fuzzy logarithmic least squares and fuzzy TOPSIS (Technique for Order Performance by Similarity to Ideal Solution). Fuzzy logarithmic least squares method has been employed to determine the weights of the criteria for sustainability assessment, and fuzzy TOPSIS was employed to determine the sustainability order of the alternatives. An illustrative case with three alternative marine fuels including methanol, LNG and hydrogen has been studied by the proposed method, and hydrogen has been recognized as the most sustainable scenario, follows by LNG, and methanol in the descending order. The results show that the proposed method is feasible for prioritizing the alternative marine fuels; it also has the ability to help the decision-makers to select the most sustainable option among multiple marine fuels.     

Nonlinear programming methods based on closed-form expressions for optimal train control

This paper proposes a novel approach to solve the complex optimal train control problems that so far cannot be perfectly tackled by the existing methods, including the optimal control of a fleet of interacting trains, and the optimal train control involving scheduling. By dividing the track into subsections with constant speed limit and constant gradient, and assuming the train’s running resistance to be a quadratic function of speed, two different methods are proposed to solve the problems of interest. The first method assumes an operation sequence of maximum traction – speedholding – coasting – maximum braking on each subsection of the track. To maintain the mathematical tractability, the maximum tractive and maximum braking functions are restricted to be decreasing and piecewise-quadratic, based on which the terminal speed, travel distance and energy consumption of each operation can be calculated in a closed-form, given the initial speed and time duration of that operation. With these closed-form expressions, the optimal train control problem is formulated and solved as a nonlinear programming problem. To allow more flexible forms of maximum tractive and maximum braking forces, the second method applies a constant force on each subsection. Performance of these two methods is compared through a case study of the classic single-train control on a single journey. The proposed methods are further utilised to formulate more complex optimal train control problems, including scheduling a subway line while taking train control into account, and simultaneously optimising the control of a leader-follower train pair under fixed- and moving-block signalling systems.